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Working With Fedora Objects Programmatically Via Tuque
Islandora introduces support for a Fedora repository to be connected to and manipulated using the Tuque PHP library. This library can be accessed using functions included with Islandora, available inside a properly-bootstrapped Drupal environment. It can also be accessed directly outside of an Islandora environment.
Tuque is an API, written and accessible via PHP, that connects with a Fedora repository and mirrors its functionality. Tuque can be used to work with objects inside a Fedora repository, accessing their properties, manipulating them, and working with datastreams.
This guide will highlight methods of working with Fedora and Fedora objects using Tuque both by itself and from a Drupal environment.
Variables repeated often in this guide
Accessing the Fedora Repository
Creating new objects and datastreams
Accessing an object's relationships
Example of retrieving a filtered relationship
From here on out, we're going to be repeating the use of a few specific PHP variables after the guide demonstrates how they are instantiated or constructed:
Variable | PHP Class | Description |
---|---|---|
$repository |
FedoraRepository |
A PHP object representation of the Fedora repository itself. |
$object |
FedoraObject |
A generic Fedora object. |
$datastream |
FedoraDatastream |
A generic Fedora object datastream. |
Tuque or Islandora|Islandora Only (via module)
------------------|--------------|--------------
$connection = new RepositoryConnection($fedora_url, $username, $password)
|$connection = islandora_get_tuque_connection($user)
Tuque or Islandora:
/**
* Assuming our $connection has been instantiated as a new RepositoryConnection object.
*/
$api = new FedoraApi($connection);
$repository = new FedoraRepository($api, new simpleCache(););
Islandora only, manually, using the Islandora Tuque wrapper:
/**
* Assuming our $connection has been instantiated as a new RepositoryConnection object.
*/
module_load_include('inc', 'islandora', 'includes/tuque');
module_load_include('inc', 'islandora', 'includes/tuque_wrapper');
$api = new IslandoraFedoraApi($connection);
$repository = new IslandoraFedoraRepository($api, new SimpleCache());
Islandora only, automatically, using the Islandora module:
/**
* Assuming $connection has been created via islandora_get_tuque_connection().
*/
$repository = $connection->repository;
Islandora only, using the IslandoraFedoraObject wrapper:
/**
* This method tends to be the most reliable when working with a single object,
* since it builds on the success of the attempt to load that object.
*/
$pid = 'object:pid';
$object = islandora_object_load($pid);
if ($object) {
$repository = $object->repository;
}
From here, all Fedora repository functionality supported by Tuque is available to you through $repository
. This functionality is described in the rest of this document.
As of Islandora 7.x, there is a wrapper object, IslandoraFedoraObject
, that handles some errors and fires some hooks in includes/tuque.inc. More error handling is available if one uses the wrapper functions in islandora.module.
Method | Code | On Success | On Fail |
---|---|---|---|
Tuque or Islandora, from a FedoraRepository
|
$object = $connection->repository->getObject($pid); |
Returns a FedoraObject loaded from the given $pid . |
Throws a 'Not Found' RepositoryException . |
Islandora only, from an IslandoraFedoraRepository
|
$object = $connection->repository->getObject($pid); |
Returns an IslandoraFedoraObject loaded from the given $pid . |
Throws a 'Not Found' RepositoryException . |
Islandora only, using the module itself | $object = islandora_object_load($pid); |
Returns an IslandoraFedoraObject loaded from the given $pid . |
Returns FALSE
|
Tuque only, from a bootstrapped Tuque environment | $object = new FedoraObject($pid, $repository); |
Instantiates a FedoraObject for the given PID $pid in the given FedoraRepository $repository
|
Throws a RepositoryException error. |
Because the third method returns FALSE on failure, you can check if the object loaded correctly using !$object
, e.g.:
$object = islandora_object_load($pid);
if (!$object) {
/**
* Logic for object load failure would go here.
*/
return;
}
/**
* Logic for object load success would continue through the rest of the method here.
*/
In the case of the other methods, try
to load the object and catch
the load failure exception, e.g.:
try {
$object = $connection->repository->getObject($pid);
/**
* Logic for working with the loaded object would go here.
*/
}
catch (Exception $e) {
/**
* Logic for object load failure would go here.
*/
}
Because loading objects through Tuque is convoluted, and because the purpose of Islandora is partially to manage the process for you, it's almost always recommended to load objects using islandora_object_load()
. In cases where this is undesired (typically in debugging cases where you wish to bypass the Drupal hooks that fire on object or datastream manipulation), you can load an object directly through Tuque - but you'll need to instantiate all the various Tuque components as well:
// If this script isn't being run from the Tuque folder, you'll have to
// specify the path before loading Tuque files.
$path_to_tuque = '';
require_once($path_to_tuque . 'Cache.php');
require_once($path_to_tuque . 'FedoraApi.php');
require_once($path_to_tuque . 'FedoraApiSerializer.php');
require_once($path_to_tuque . 'Object.php');
require_once($path_to_tuque . 'Repository.php');
require_once($path_to_tuque . 'RepositoryConnection.php');
// These components need to be instantiated to load the object.
$serializer = new FedoraApiSerializer();
$cache = new SimpleCache();
$connection = new RepositoryConnection('http://path/to/fedora', 'username', 'password');
$api = new FedoraApi($connection, $serializer);
$repository = new FedoraRepository($api, $cache);
// Replace 'object:pid' with the PID of the object to be loaded.
$object = $repository->getObject('object:pid');
/**
* Finally, you can manipulate your object here.
*/
Objects loaded via Tuque (either through Islandora or directly) have the following properties and can be manipulated using the following methods:
Name | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
createdDate |
FedoraDate |
The object's date of creation. |
forceUpdate |
bool |
Whether or not Tuque should respect Fedora object locking on this object (FALSE to uphold locking). Defaults to FALSE . |
id |
string |
The PID of the object. When constructing a new object, this can also be set to a namespace instead, to simply use the next available ID for that namespace. |
label |
string |
The object's label. |
lastModifiedDate |
FedoraDate |
When the object was last modified. |
logMessage |
string |
The log message associated with the creation of the object in Fedora. |
models |
array |
An array of content model PIDs (e.g. 'islandora:collectionCModel') applied to the object. |
owner |
string |
The object's owner. |
relationships |
FedoraRelsExt |
A FedoraRelsExt object allowing for working with the object's relationship metadata. This is described in another section below. |
repository |
FedoraRepository |
The FedoraRepository object this particular object was loaded from. This functions precisely the same as the $repository created in the "Accessing the repository" section above. |
state |
string |
The object's state (A/I/D). |
Name | Description | Parameters | Return Value |
---|---|---|---|
constructDatastream($id, $control_group) |
Constructs an empty datastream. Note that this does not ingest a datastream into the object, but merely instantiates one as an AbstractDatastream object. Ingesting is done via ingestDatastream() , described below. |
$id - the PID of the object; $control_group - the Fedora control group the datastream will belong to, whether Inline (X)ML, (M)anaged Content, (R)edirect, or (E)xternal Referenced. Defaults to 'M'. |
An empty AbstractDatastream object from the given information. |
count() |
The number of datastreams this object contains. | None | The number of datastreams, as an int . |
delete() |
Sets the object's state to 'D' (deleted). | None | None |
getDatastream($dsid) |
Gets a datastream from the object based on its DSID. $object->getDatastream($dsid) works effectively the same as $object[$dsid] . |
$dsid - the datastream identifier for the datastream to be loaded. |
An AbstractDatastream objeect representing the datastream that was gotten, or FALSE on failure. |
getParents() |
Gets the IDs of the object's parents using its isMemberOfCollection and isMemberOf relationships. |
None | An array of PIDs of parent objects. |
ingestDatastream(&$abstract_datastream) |
Takes a constructed datastream, with the properties you've given it, and ingests it into the object. This should be the last thing you do when creating a new datastream. | Technically takes $abstract_datastream as a parameter, but this should be passed to it by reference after constructing a datastream with constructDatastream() . |
A FedoraDatastream object representing the object that was just ingested. |
purgeDatastream($dsid) |
Purges the datastream identified by the given DSID. |
$dsid - The datastream identifier of the object. |
TRUE on success, FALSE on failure. |
refresh() |
Clears the object cache so that fresh information can be requested from Fedora. | None | None |
A loaded object can be purged from the repository using:
$repository->purgeObject($object);
Datastreams can be accessed from a loaded object like so:
Tuque or Islandora | Islandora Only |
---|---|
$datastream = $object['DSID']; |
$datastream = islandora_datastream_load($dsid, $object); |
where $dsid
is the datastream identifier as a string
, and $object
is either an object PID or a loaded Fedora object.
This loads the datastream as a FedoraDatastream
object. From there, it can be manipulated using the following properties and methods:
Name | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
checksum |
string |
The datastream's base64-encoded checksum. |
checksumType |
string |
The type of checksum for this datastream, either DISABLED, MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512. Defaults to DISABLED. |
content |
string |
The binary content of the datastream, as a string. Can be used to set the content directly if it is an Inline (X)ML or (M)anaged datastream. |
controlGroup |
string |
The control group for this datastream , whether Inline (X)ML, (M)anaged Content, (R)edirect, or (E)xternal Referenced.. |
createdDate |
FedoraDate |
The date the datastream was created. |
forceUpdate |
bool |
Whether or not Tuque should respect Fedora object locking on this datastream (FALSE to uphold locking). Defaults to FALSE . |
format |
string |
The format URI of the datastream, if it has one. This is rarely used, but does apply to RELS-EXT. |
id |
string |
The datastream identifier. |
label |
string |
The datastream label. |
location |
string |
A combination of the object ID, the DSID, and the DSID version ID. |
logMessage |
string |
The log message associated with actions in the Fedora audit datastream. |
mimetype |
string |
The datastream's mimetype. |
parent |
AbstractFedoraObject |
The object that the datastream was loaded from. |
relationships |
FedoraRelsInt |
The relationships that datastream holds internally within the object. |
repository |
FedoraRepository |
The FedoraRepository object this particular datastream was loaded from. This functions precisely the same as the $repository created in the "Accessing the repository" section above. |
size |
int |
The size of the datastream, in bytes. This is only available to ingested datastreams, not ones that have been constructed as objects but are yet to be ingested. |
state |
string |
The state of the datastream (A/I/D). |
url |
string |
The URL of the datastream, if it is a (R)edirected or (E)xternally-referrenced datastream. |
versionable |
bool |
Whether or not the datastream is versionable. |
Name | Description | Parameters | Return Value |
---|---|---|---|
count() |
The number of revisions in the datastream's history. | None | An int representing the number of revisions in the datastream history. |
getContent($file) |
Writes the the binary content of the datastream to the given file. |
$file - the path to write the contents to. |
A boolean asserting the success or failure of writing the contents. |
refresh() |
Clears the object cache so that fresh information can be requested from Fedora. | None | None |
setContentFromFile($path, $copy) |
Sets the content of a datastream from the contents of a local file. |
$path - the path to the file to be used; $copy - a boolean representing whether the object should be copied and managed by Tuque. |
None |
setContentFromString($string) |
Sets the content of a datastream from a string . |
$string - the string to set the content from. |
None |
setContentFromUrl($url) |
Attempts to set the content of a datastream from content downloaded using a standatd HTTP request (NOT HTTPS). |
$url - the URL to grab the data from. |
None |
Since they exist on an object as an array, datastreams can be iterated over using standard array iteration methods, e.g.:
foreach ($object as $datastream) {
strtoupper($datastream->id);
$datastream->label = "new label";
$datastream_content = $datastream->content;
}
$dsid = 'DSID';
// Before we do anything, check if the datastream exists. If it does, load it; otherwise construct it.
// The easiest way to do this, as opposed to a string of cases or if/then/elses, is the ternary operator, e.g.
// $variable = isThisThingTrueOrFalse($thing) ? setToThisIfTrue() : setToThisIfFalse();
$datastream = isset($object[$dsid]) ? $object[$dsid] : $object->constructDatastream($dsid);
$datastream->label = 'Datastream Label';
$datastream->mimeType = 'datastream/mimetype';
$datastream->setContentFromFile('path/to/file');
// There's no harm in doing this if the datastream is already ingested or if the object is only constructed.
$object->ingestDatastream($datastream);
// If the object IS only constructed, ingesting it here also ingests the datastream.
$repository->ingestObject($object);
When using Tuque, Fedora objects and datastreams must first be constructed as PHP objects before being ingested into Fedora. Un-ingested, PHP-constructed Fedora objects and datastreams function nearly identically to their ingested counterparts, as far as Tuque is concerned, with only a few exceptions noted in the properties and methods tables below.
$object = $repository->constructObject($pid); // $pid may also be a namespace.
/**
* Here, you can manipulate the constructed object using the properties and methods described above.
*/
$repository->ingestObject($object);
$datastream = $object->constructDatastream($dsid) // You may also set the $control_group.
/**
* Here, you can manipulate the constructed datastream using the properties and methods described above.
*/
$object->ingestDatastream($datastream);
Once an object is loaded, its relationships can be accessed via the object's relationships
property:
$relationships = $object->relationships;
From there, the object's relationships can be viewed and manipulated using the following properties and methods:
Name | Type | Description |
---|---|---|
autoCommit |
bool |
Whether or not changes to the RELS should be automatically committed. WARNING: Probably don't touch this if you're not absolutely sure what you're doing. |
datastream |
AbstractFedoraDatastream |
The datastream that this relationship is manipulating, if any. |
Name | Description | Parameters | Return Value |
---|---|---|---|
add($predicate_uri, $predicate, $object, $type) |
Adds a relationship to the object. |
$predicate_uri - the namespace of the relationship predicate (if this is to be added via XML, use the registerNamespace() function described below first); $predicate - the predicate tag to be added; $object - the object to add the relationship to (not required if this is called using $object->relationships->add() ); $type - the type of the attribute to add (defaults to RELS_TYPE_URI ). |
None |
changeObjectID($id) |
Changes the ID referenced in the rdf:about attribute. |
$id - the new ID to use. |
None |
commitRelationships($set_auto_commit) |
Forces the committal of any relationships cached while the autoCommit property was set to FALSE (or for whatever other reason). |
$set_auto_commit - determines the state of autoCommit after this method is run (defaults to TRUE ). |
None |
get($predicate_uri, $predicate, $object, $type) |
Queries an object's relationships based on the parameters given. See below for an example of filtering relationships using parameters. |
$predicate_uri - the URI to use as the namespace predicate, or NULL for any predicate (defaults to NULL ); $predicate - the predicate tag to filter by, or 'NULL' for any tag (defaults to NULL ); $object - the object to filter the relationship by (not required if this is called using $object->relationships->get() ); $type - what type RELS_TYPE_XXX attribute the retrieved should be (defaults to RELS_TYPE_URI ). |
The relationships as an array . See the note below for an example. |
registerNamespace($alias, $uri) |
Registers a namespace to be used by predicate URIs. |
$alias - the namespace alias; $uri - the URI to associate with that alias. |
None |
remove($predicate_uri, $predicate, $object, $type) |
Removes a relationship from the object. |
$predicate_uri - the namespace of the relationship predicate to be removed, or NULL to ignore (defaults to NULL ); $predicate - the predicate tag to filter removed results by. or NULL to remove all (defaults to NULL ); $object - the object to add the relationship to (not required if this is called using $object->relationships->remove() ); $type - what type RELS_TYPE_XXX attribute the removed should be (defaults to RELS_TYPE_URI ). |
None |
The following predicate URIs are commonly used when setting or getting relationships from or on an object. Also listed here are PHP constants defined by the tuque library you should almost certainly use when writing predicate URIs into your code.
Name | URI | Constant |
---|---|---|
Fedora External Relations | info:fedora/fedora-system:def/relations-external# |
FEDORA_RELS_EXT_URI |
Fedora Models | info:fedora/fedora-system:def/model# |
FEDORA_MODEL_URI |
Islandora RELS-EXT Ontology | http://islandora.ca/ontology/relsext# |
ISLANDORA_RELS_EXT_URI |
Islandora RELS-INT Ontology | http://islandora.ca/ontology/relsint# |
ISLANDORA_RELS_INT_URI |
$object_content_models = $object->relationships->get('info:fedora/fedora-system:def/model#', 'hasModel');
This would return an array containing only the object's hasModel
relationships.
Islandora provides the constant FEDORA_RELS_EXT_URI
to make it easy to set the predicate as the first variable here:
$object->relationships->add(FEDORA_RELS_EXT_URI, 'isMemberOfCollection', 'islandora:root');
This would add the object to the islandora:root
collection.
Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[predicate] => Array
(
[value] => isMemberOfCollection
[alias] => fedora
[namespace] => info:fedora/fedora-system:def/relations-external#
)
[object] => Array
(
[literal] => FALSE
[value] => islandora:sp_basic_image_collection
)
)
[1] => Array
(
[predicate] => Array
(
[value] => hasModel
[alias] => fedora-model
[namespace] => info:fedora/fedora-system:def/model#
)
[object] => Array
(
[literal] => FALSE
[value] => islandora:sp_basic_image
)
)
)
Tuque can work with the Fedora repository's "Access" and "Manage" API services in much the same way one would using standard Fedora API requests. This functionality is mimicked using an instantiated $repository
's api
property.
Note that the methods above provide a much more PHP-friendly way of performing many of the tasks provided by API-A and API-M. They are nonetheless listed in full below for documentation purposes. When a method in this section and a method above share functionality, it is always recommended to use the method above, as not only is it nearly guaranteed to be easier to work with, but also we cannot predict the nature of the Fedora APIs in the future; if any Fedora functionality changes or is removed, your code may also lose functionality. For example:
/**
* Adding a relationship to an object. The API method is clunky and requires information you wouldn't
* need if you did things the tuque way, which is more Drupal-friendly as well.
*/
// API method.
$repository->api->m->addRelationship();
// Tuque method.
$object->relationships->add();
/**
* Iterating through datastreams. The API method only gives you an associative array of DSIDs
* containing the label and mimetype - you would have to load each datastream if you wanted to
* work with it. Working through tuque is faster.
*/
// API method.
$array = $repository->api->a->listDatastreams($object->id);
foreach ($array as $dsid => $properties) {
$datastream = islandora_datastream_load($dsid, $object);
// Now you can do stuff with the datastream.
}
// Tuque method.
foreach ($object as $datastream) {
// Do stuff with the datastream.
}
Documentation for the current version of each API can be found at:
Each API exists as a PHP object through Tuque, and can be created using:
$api_a = $repository->api->a; // For an Access API.
$api_m = $repository->api->m; // For a Management API.
From here, the functionality provided by each API mimics the functionality provided by the actual Fedora APIs, where the standard Fedora endpoints can be called as API object methods, e.g.:
$datastreams = $api_a->listDatastreams('islandora:1');
The following methods are available for each type of API:
All of these return results described in an array.
Method | Description |
---|---|
describeRepository() |
Returns repository information. |
findObjects($type, $query, $max_results, $display_fields) |
Finds objects based on the input parameters. |
getDatastreamDissemination($pid, $dsid, $as_of_date_time, $file) |
Gets the content of a datastream. |
getDissemination($pid, $sdef_pid, $method, $method_parameters) |
Gets a dissemination based on the provided method. |
getObjectHistory($pid) |
Gets the history of the specified object. |
getObjectProfile($pid, $as_of_date_time) |
Gets the Fedora profile of an object. |
listDatastreams($pid, $as_of_date_time) |
Lists an object's datastreams. |
listMethods($pid, $sdef_pid, $as_of_date_time) |
Lists the methods that an object can use for dissemination. |
resumeFindObjects($session_token) |
Resumes a findObjects() call that returned a resumption token. |
userAttributes() |
Authenticates and provides information about a user's Fedora attributes. |
All of these return results described in an array.
Method | Description |
---|---|
addDatastream($pid, $dsid, $type, $file, $params) |
Adds a datastream to the object specified. |
addRelationship($pid, $relationship, $is_literal, $datatype) |
Adds a relationship to the object specified. |
export($pid, $params) |
Exports information about an object. |
getDatastream($pid, $dsid, $params) |
Returns information about the specified datastream. |
getDatastreamHistory($pid, $dsid) |
Returns the datastream's history information. |
getNextPid($namespace, $numpids) |
Gets a new, unused PID. |
getObjectXml($pid) |
Returns the object's FOXML. |
getRelationships($pid, $relationship) |
Returns the object's relationships. |
ingest($params) |
Ingests an object. |
modifyDatastream($pid, $dsid, $params) |
Makes specified modifications to an object's datastream. |
modifyObject($pid, $params) |
Makes specified modifications to an object. |
purgeDatastream($pid, $dsid, $params) |
Purges the specified datastream. |
purgeObject($pid, $log_message) |
Purges the specified object. |
upload($file) |
Uploads a file to the server. |
validate($pid, $as_of_date_time) |
Validates an object. |
The resource index can be queried from the repository using:
$ri = $repository->ri;
From there, queries can be made to the resource index. It is generally best to use SPARQL queries for forwards compatibility:
$itql_query_results = $ri->itqlQuery($query, $limit); // For an iTQL query.
$sparql_query_results = $ri->sparqlQuery($query, $limit); // For a SPARQL query.
Method | Description | Parameters | Return Value |
---|---|---|---|
itqlQuery($query, $limit) |
Executes an iTQL query to the resource index. |
$query - a string containing the query parameters; $limit - an int representing the number of hits to return (defaults to -1 for unlimited). |
An array containing query results. |
sparqlQuery($query, $limit) |
Executes a SPARQL query to the resource index. |
$query - a string containing the query parameters; $limit - an int representing the number of hits to return (defaults to -1 for unlimited). |
An array containing query results. |
countQuery($query, $type) |
Executes a 'count' query of the given $type and returns a result count. |
$query - a string containing the query parameters; $type - a string representing the type of query contained in $query ('itql' 'sparql', defaulting to 'itql') |
An integer representing the number of tuples found by the query. |
This query would return the PIDs and labels of the first ten objects found in the resource index using the islandora:sp_pdf content model.
// Queries are generally defined using PHP heredoc strings so that formatting
// can be maintained and variables can be passed in easily.
$content_model = 'islandora:sp_pdf';
// ?pid and ?label define our two variables we want to return. Then, our first
// WHERE asks for any object that has a label, and gives us the PID and label
// back. We then don't need to reuse ?pid when setting our query filter.
$query = <<<EOQ
SELECT ?pid ?label
FROM <#ri>
WHERE {
?pid <fedora-model:label> ?label ;
<fedora-model:hasModel> <info:fedora/$content_model>
}
EOQ;
// Connect to Tuque and grab the results.
$connection = islandora_get_tuque_connection();
$results = $connection->repository->ri->sparqlQuery($query, 10);
The results from the above query would be formatted thusly:
$results = array(
array(
'pid' => array(
'value' => 'islandora:pdf1',
'uri' => 'info:fedora/islandora:pdf1',
'type' => 'pid',
),
'label' => array(
'type' => 'literal',
'value' => 'First PDF label',
),
),
array(
'pid' => array(
'value' => 'islandora:pdf2',
'uri' => 'info:fedora/islandora:pdf2',
'type' => 'pid',
),
'label' => array(
'type' => 'literal',
'value' => 'Second PDF label',
),
),
);
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