Added Ref to allow immutable access with change detection (#7097)

# Objective

- Fixes #7066 

## Solution

- Split the ChangeDetection trait into ChangeDetection and ChangeDetectionMut
- Added Ref as equivalent to &T with change detection

---

## Changelog

- Support for Ref which allow inspecting change detection flags in an immutable way

## Migration Guide

- While bevy prelude includes both ChangeDetection and ChangeDetectionMut any code explicitly referencing ChangeDetection might need to be updated to ChangeDetectionMut or both. Specifically any reading logic requires ChangeDetection while writes requires ChangeDetectionMut.

use bevy_ecs::change_detection::DetectChanges -> use bevy_ecs::change_detection::{DetectChanges, DetectChangesMut}

- Previously Res had methods to access change detection `is_changed` and `is_added` those methods have been moved to the `DetectChanges` trait. If you are including bevy prelude you will have access to these types otherwise you will need to `use bevy_ecs::change_detection::DetectChanges` to continue using them.

crates/bevy_ecs/src/lib.rs

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ pub mod prelude {
     #[doc(hidden)]
     pub use crate::{
         bundle::Bundle,
-        change_detection::DetectChanges,
+        change_detection::{DetectChanges, DetectChangesMut},
         component::Component,
         entity::Entity,
         event::{EventReader, EventWriter, Events},

crates/bevy_ecs/src/query/fetch.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 use crate::{
     archetype::{Archetype, ArchetypeComponentId},
-    change_detection::Ticks,
+    change_detection::{Ticks, TicksMut},
     component::{Component, ComponentId, ComponentStorage, ComponentTicks, StorageType, Tick},
     entity::Entity,
     query::{Access, DebugCheckedUnwrap, FilteredAccess},
     storage::{ComponentSparseSet, Table, TableRow},
-    world::{Mut, World},
+    world::{Mut, Ref, World},
 };
 use bevy_ecs_macros::all_tuples;
 pub use bevy_ecs_macros::WorldQuery;
@@ -653,6 +653,167 @@ unsafe impl<T: Component> WorldQuery for &T {
 /// SAFETY: access is read only
 unsafe impl<T: Component> ReadOnlyWorldQuery for &T {}
 
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub struct RefFetch<'w, T> {
+    // T::Storage = TableStorage
+    table_data: Option<(
+        ThinSlicePtr<'w, UnsafeCell<T>>,
+        ThinSlicePtr<'w, UnsafeCell<Tick>>,
+        ThinSlicePtr<'w, UnsafeCell<Tick>>,
+    )>,
+    // T::Storage = SparseStorage
+    sparse_set: Option<&'w ComponentSparseSet>,
+
+    last_change_tick: u32,
+    change_tick: u32,
+}
+
+/// SAFETY: `Self` is the same as `Self::ReadOnly`
+unsafe impl<'__w, T: Component> WorldQuery for Ref<'__w, T> {
+    type Fetch<'w> = RefFetch<'w, T>;
+    type Item<'w> = Ref<'w, T>;
+    type ReadOnly = Self;
+    type State = ComponentId;
+
+    fn shrink<'wlong: 'wshort, 'wshort>(item: Ref<'wlong, T>) -> Ref<'wshort, T> {
+        item
+    }
+
+    const IS_DENSE: bool = {
+        match T::Storage::STORAGE_TYPE {
+            StorageType::Table => true,
+            StorageType::SparseSet => false,
+        }
+    };
+
+    const IS_ARCHETYPAL: bool = true;
+
+    unsafe fn init_fetch<'w>(
+        world: &'w World,
+        &component_id: &ComponentId,
+        last_change_tick: u32,
+        change_tick: u32,
+    ) -> RefFetch<'w, T> {
+        RefFetch {
+            table_data: None,
+            sparse_set: (T::Storage::STORAGE_TYPE == StorageType::SparseSet).then(|| {
+                world
+                    .storages()
+                    .sparse_sets
+                    .get(component_id)
+                    .debug_checked_unwrap()
+            }),
+            last_change_tick,
+            change_tick,
+        }
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn clone_fetch<'w>(fetch: &Self::Fetch<'w>) -> Self::Fetch<'w> {
+        RefFetch {
+            table_data: fetch.table_data,
+            sparse_set: fetch.sparse_set,
+            last_change_tick: fetch.last_change_tick,
+            change_tick: fetch.change_tick,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn set_archetype<'w>(
+        fetch: &mut RefFetch<'w, T>,
+        component_id: &ComponentId,
+        _archetype: &'w Archetype,
+        table: &'w Table,
+    ) {
+        if Self::IS_DENSE {
+            Self::set_table(fetch, component_id, table);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn set_table<'w>(
+        fetch: &mut RefFetch<'w, T>,
+        &component_id: &ComponentId,
+        table: &'w Table,
+    ) {
+        let column = table.get_column(component_id).debug_checked_unwrap();
+        fetch.table_data = Some((
+            column.get_data_slice().into(),
+            column.get_added_ticks_slice().into(),
+            column.get_changed_ticks_slice().into(),
+        ));
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    unsafe fn fetch<'w>(
+        fetch: &mut Self::Fetch<'w>,
+        entity: Entity,
+        table_row: TableRow,
+    ) -> Self::Item<'w> {
+        match T::Storage::STORAGE_TYPE {
+            StorageType::Table => {
+                let (table_components, added_ticks, changed_ticks) =
+                    fetch.table_data.debug_checked_unwrap();
+                Ref {
+                    value: table_components.get(table_row.index()).deref(),
+                    ticks: Ticks {
+                        added: added_ticks.get(table_row.index()).deref(),
+                        changed: changed_ticks.get(table_row.index()).deref(),
+                        change_tick: fetch.change_tick,
+                        last_change_tick: fetch.last_change_tick,
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+            StorageType::SparseSet => {
+                let (component, ticks) = fetch
+                    .sparse_set
+                    .debug_checked_unwrap()
+                    .get_with_ticks(entity)
+                    .debug_checked_unwrap();
+                Ref {
+                    value: component.deref(),
+                    ticks: Ticks::from_tick_cells(ticks, fetch.last_change_tick, fetch.change_tick),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn update_component_access(
+        &component_id: &ComponentId,
+        access: &mut FilteredAccess<ComponentId>,
+    ) {
+        assert!(
+            !access.access().has_write(component_id),
+            "&{} conflicts with a previous access in this query. Shared access cannot coincide with exclusive access.",
+                std::any::type_name::<T>(),
+        );
+        access.add_read(component_id);
+    }
+
+    fn update_archetype_component_access(
+        &component_id: &ComponentId,
+        archetype: &Archetype,
+        access: &mut Access<ArchetypeComponentId>,
+    ) {
+        if let Some(archetype_component_id) = archetype.get_archetype_component_id(component_id) {
+            access.add_read(archetype_component_id);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn init_state(world: &mut World) -> ComponentId {
+        world.init_component::<T>()
+    }
+
+    fn matches_component_set(
+        &state: &ComponentId,
+        set_contains_id: &impl Fn(ComponentId) -> bool,
+    ) -> bool {
+        set_contains_id(state)
+    }
+}
+
+/// SAFETY: access is read only
+unsafe impl<'__w, T: Component> ReadOnlyWorldQuery for Ref<'__w, T> {}
+
 #[doc(hidden)]
 pub struct WriteFetch<'w, T> {
     // T::Storage = TableStorage
@@ -755,7 +916,7 @@ unsafe impl<'__w, T: Component> WorldQuery for &'__w mut T {
                     fetch.table_data.debug_checked_unwrap();
                 Mut {
                     value: table_components.get(table_row.index()).deref_mut(),
-                    ticks: Ticks {
+                    ticks: TicksMut {
                         added: added_ticks.get(table_row.index()).deref_mut(),
                         changed: changed_ticks.get(table_row.index()).deref_mut(),
                         change_tick: fetch.change_tick,
@@ -771,7 +932,11 @@ unsafe impl<'__w, T: Component> WorldQuery for &'__w mut T {
                     .debug_checked_unwrap();
                 Mut {
                     value: component.assert_unique().deref_mut(),
-                    ticks: Ticks::from_tick_cells(ticks, fetch.last_change_tick, fetch.change_tick),
+                    ticks: TicksMut::from_tick_cells(
+                        ticks,
+                        fetch.last_change_tick,
+                        fetch.change_tick,
+                    ),
                 }
             }
         }

crates/bevy_ecs/src/system/mod.rs

@@ -130,15 +130,14 @@ pub fn assert_is_system<In, Out, Params, S: IntoSystem<In, Out, Params>>(sys: S)
 mod tests {
     use std::any::TypeId;
 
-    use crate::prelude::StageLabel;
-
     use crate::{
         self as bevy_ecs,
         archetype::{ArchetypeComponentId, Archetypes},
         bundle::Bundles,
+        change_detection::DetectChanges,
         component::{Component, Components},
         entity::{Entities, Entity},
-        prelude::AnyOf,
+        prelude::{AnyOf, StageLabel},
         query::{Added, Changed, Or, With, Without},
         schedule::{Schedule, Stage, SystemStage},
         system::{