Port to TypeScript

[samreid]

After having a positive experience in porting bending-light to TypeScript in phetsims/bending-light#401, it seems beneficial to port Circuit Construction Kit to TypeScript. I was previously reluctant to do so, since AC was nearing publication and I didn't want to delay it at all. However, we are awaiting some design decisions and QA, and I have a better understanding of the scope of effort for the port, I think there is time to do it now. This will also help us through QA, if it helps prevent bugs. I will also be able to benefit from it right away, since right after CCK AC publication, we plan to continue with phet-io instrumentation in #589 and #513. This repo has 17000 LOC, so it will take longer than bending light. Also, like PhET-iO, there is a cost associated with having too many sims "instrumented" before we have established all our patterns, but this seems like a good opportunity to help establish patterns.

UPDATE: As I've started this process, TypeScript has helped clarify so many confusing parts, especially around the Modified Nodal Analysis that it seems important for the long term maintainability of the sim, and it should be included in 1.0. I will endeavor to do so without delaying the publication timeline.

[samreid]

Discovered bugs:

    if ( this.zoomAnimation ) {
      const overflow = this.zoomAnimation.step( dt ); // always returns undefined
      if ( overflow > 0 ) {
        this.zoomAnimation = null;
      }
    }

• Incorrect type documentation in ResultSet.
• Revealed 150 lines of unused code
• Bad JSDoc in TimestepSubdivisions * @returns {number} the selected timestep that has acceptable error or meets the minimum allowed was returning object.
• Numerous problems with inner classes in MNA.
• Meter code data overwritten in subtype
• Bogus 3rd arg being passed through to startDragVertex. It only has 2 parameters.
• Numerous JSDoc inconsistencies
• passing arguments to createElement that do not exist
• Even more incorrect JSDoc
• GET_LAYOUT_POSITION is always undefined:
  
  Apparently it was removed in 2017: 500640c
• Options not optional in FuseTripAnimation:

[samreid]

TypeScript is going well here, closing.