☂ Statistics streamlining

[Jolanrensen]

Continuation of #558 which fixed the most annoying bugs related to describe.

See #558 for more information.

Our statistics functions need some more love. We used to have many missing types (mostly fixed by #937), but there are yet some more inconsistencies to be solved:

As mentioned here #543, some functions like median(ints) might result in an unexpectedly rounded Int in return. It might be better to let all functions return Double and then handle BigInteger / BigDecimal separately for now, as they're java-specific for now.

There are plenty of public overloads on Iterable and Sequence. It's fine to have them internally, but I feel like we're clogging the public scope here. mean, for instance, is already covered in the stdlib.

We'll need to hide public functions that are not on DataColumn as @AndreiKingsley will probably make a statistics library for that anyway.

We need to honor some conversion table (see below)

We won't support UByte, UShort, UInt, and ULong since they don't inherit Number.

We also drop support for BigNumber and BigDecimal as this makes generic typing and conversion very difficult and unpredictable.

Progress:

• underlying fixes Aggregator implementation rework #1078
• mean Mean statistics fixes #1091
• sum Sum statistics and aggregator improvements #1103
• min Aggregator dependency injection, min/max, and skipNaN #1108
• max Aggregator dependency injection, min/max, and skipNaN #1108
• std Overhaul for std #1119
• median Median overhaul #1122
• percentile Percentile #1149
• cumSum CumSum #1152

Function	Conversion	extra information	nulls in input
mean	Int -> Double	For all: Double.NaN if no elements	All nulls are filtered out
	Short -> Double
	Byte -> Double
	Long -> Double
	Double -> Double	skipNaN option, false by default
	Float -> Double	skipNaN option, false by default
	Number -> Conversion(Common number type) -> Double	skipNaN option, false by default
	Nothing / no values -> Double.NaN
sum	Int -> Int	All default to zero if no values	All nulls are filtered out
	Short -> Int
	Byte -> Int
	Long -> Long
	Double -> Double	skipNaN option, false by default
	Float -> Float	skipNaN option, false by default
	Number -> Conversion(Common number type) -> Number	skipNaN option, false by default
	Nothing / no values -> Double (0.0)
cumSum	Int -> Int	All default to zero if no values	All can optionally skip nulls in input with skipNull option, true by default
	Short -> Int		important because order matters with cumSum
	Byte -> Int
	Long -> Long
	Double -> Double	skipNaN option, true by default
	Float -> Float	skipNaN option, true by default
	Number -> Conversion(Common number type) -> Number	skipNaN option, true by default
	Nothing / no values -> Double (0.0)
min/max	T -> T? where T : Comparable<T>	For all: null if no elements, has -OrNull overloads	All nulls are filtered out
	Int -> Int?
	Short -> Short?
	Byte -> Byte?
	Long -> Long?
	Double -> Double?	skipNaN option, false by default, returns NaN when in the input
	Float -> Float?	skipNaN option, false by default, returns NaN when in the input
	Number -> Number?	Would need more overloads and more work
	Nothing / no values -> Nothing? (null)
median/percentile	T -> T? where T : Comparable<T>	For all: median of even list will cause conversion to Double if possible, else lower middle	All nulls are filtered out
	Int -> Double?	null if no elements
	Short -> Double?
	Byte -> Double?
	Long -> Double?
	Double -> Double?
	Float -> Double?
	Number -> Conversion(Common number type) -> Double	Would need more overloads and more work
	Nothing / no values -> Nothing? (null)
std	Int -> Double	All have DDoF (Delta Degrees of Freedom) argument	All nulls are filtered out
	Short -> Double	and Double.NaN if no elements
	Byte -> Double
	Long -> Double
	Double -> Double	skipNaN option, false by default
	Float -> Double	skipNaN option, false by default
	Number -> Conversion(Common number type) -> Double	skipNaN option, false by default
	Nothing / no values -> Double.NaN
var (want to add?)	same as std

[Jolanrensen]

Also see #961

[Jolanrensen]

Check all AnyRow.rowXXX functions, like rowMean, rowMin, etc.

rowMin for instance is defined like:

public fun AnyRow.rowMinOrNull(): Any? = values().filterIsInstance<Comparable<*>>().minWithOrNull(compareBy { it })

This will break if you have a Number and String column in your row. While they both are Comparable, they are not comparable to each other. We probably need to expand the interComparableColumns() or valuesAreComparable() function for these cases.

[AndreiKingsley]

#1060 adds percentile which is similar to all these functions and inherits all the above problems. After merge we will have to fix this all this stuff for it as well.

[Jolanrensen]

I've adjusted the table. We can support mixed number types auto-conversion to Double, except when there's a BigInteger or BigDecimal is among the values. Converting a big number to Double is lossy and can result in infinities. Best to throw an exception and tell users to first convert their values all to BigDecimal and then call the BigDecimal -> BigDecimal overload of the function.

[Jolanrensen]

#1068