An easy to use library for pretty printing tables of Rust structs and enums.
You can do a lot of things with the library.
If it does not do something which you feel it should or it is not clear how to, please file an issue.
This README contains lots of information but it might still be not complete,
you can find more examples in the examples folder.
- Usage
- Settings
- Derive
- Table types
- Tips and Tricks
std::fmt::*options- Tuple combination
- Tuple options
- Object
- Builder
- Macros
- Features
- Formats
- Notes
To print a list of structs or enums as a table, there are 2 ways.
- Using a builder pattern to build a table step by step.
- Implement a
Tabledtrait for your type (or annotate your type with a derive macro) and use an iterator of this type.
A builder pattern gets handy when a data schema is unknown, while a typed struct is useful in cases where we know the data structure beforehand.
Both methods are demonstrated below, starting with the derive method.
use tabled::{Tabled, Table};
#[derive(Tabled)]
struct Language {
name: &'static str,
designed_by: &'static str,
invented_year: usize,
}
let languages = vec![
Language { name: "C", designed_by: "Dennis Ritchie", invented_year: 1972 },
Language { name: "Rust", designed_by: "Graydon Hoare", invented_year: 2010 },
Language { name: "Go", designed_by: "Rob Pike", invented_year: 2009 },
];
let table = Table::new(languages).to_string();
let expected = "+------+----------------+---------------+\n\
| name | designed_by | invented_year |\n\
+------+----------------+---------------+\n\
| C | Dennis Ritchie | 1972 |\n\
+------+----------------+---------------+\n\
| Go | Rob Pike | 2009 |\n\
+------+----------------+---------------+\n\
| Rust | Graydon Hoare | 2010 |\n\
+------+----------------+---------------+";
assert_eq!(table, expected);The next example illustrates a builder pattern.
use std::{collections::HashMap, ops::AddAssign};
use tabled::{builder::Builder, settings::Style};
let lyrics = r#"
… So, so you think you can tell heaven from hell?
Blue skies from pain?
Can you tell a green field from a cold steel rail?
A smile from a veil?
Do you think you can tell?
"#;
let mut map: HashMap<&str, usize> = HashMap::new();
for line in lyrics.lines() {
for word in line.split_whitespace() {
map.entry(word).or_default().add_assign(1);
}
}
let mut table = Builder::from(map).build();
table.with(Style::modern_rounded().remove_horizontal());
let expected = "╭────────┬───╮\n\
│ you │ 5 │\n\
│ smile │ 1 │\n\
│ veil? │ 1 │\n\
│ tell? │ 1 │\n\
│ … │ 1 │\n\
│ tell │ 2 │\n\
│ think │ 2 │\n\
╰────────┴───╯"
assert_eq!(table.to_string(), expected);There are a lot of functions available for your tables, as well as helpers such as derive macros and proc macros.
This section lists the settings you can apply to your table.
All of the settings are leveraged by Table::with and Table::modify.
But you can tweak things yourself by using table.get_records_mut() and table.get_config_mut().
or by creating a new setting, which is a simple do.
Style sole purpouse is to configure table look.
Style primarily usage is in const/static context.
If you want to peak style at runtime Theme might be better suited for it.
Any Style can be customized.
As well as a custom Style can be created from scratch.
use tabled::{Table, Style};
let mut table = Table::new(&data);
table.with(Style::psql());There are numerous preconfigured styles. Below there is a rendered list of them.
If you think that there's some valuable style to be added, please open an issue.
+------+----------------+---------------+
| name | designed_by | invented_year |
+------+----------------+---------------+
| C | Dennis Ritchie | 1972 |
+------+----------------+---------------+
| Rust | Graydon Hoare | 2010 |
+------+----------------+---------------+
| Go | Rob Pike | 2009 |
+------+----------------+---------------+
┌──────┬────────────────┬───────────────┐
│ name │ designed_by │ invented_year │
├──────┼────────────────┼───────────────┤
│ C │ Dennis Ritchie │ 1972 │
├──────┼────────────────┼───────────────┤
│ Rust │ Graydon Hoare │ 2010 │
├──────┼────────────────┼───────────────┤
│ Go │ Rob Pike │ 2009 │
└──────┴────────────────┴───────────────┘
┌──────┬────────────────┬───────────────┐
│ name │ designed_by │ invented_year │
├──────┼────────────────┼───────────────┤
│ C │ Dennis Ritchie │ 1972 │
│ Rust │ Graydon Hoare │ 2010 │
│ Go │ Rob Pike │ 2009 │
└──────┴────────────────┴───────────────┘
╭──────┬────────────────┬───────────────╮
│ name │ designed_by │ invented_year │
├──────┼────────────────┼───────────────┤
│ C │ Dennis Ritchie │ 1972 │
│ Rust │ Graydon Hoare │ 2010 │
│ Go │ Rob Pike │ 2009 │
╰──────┴────────────────┴───────────────╯
╔══════╦════════════════╦═══════════════╗
║ name ║ designed_by ║ invented_year ║
╠══════╬════════════════╬═══════════════╣
║ C ║ Dennis Ritchie ║ 1972 ║
╠══════╬════════════════╬═══════════════╣
║ Rust ║ Graydon Hoare ║ 2010 ║
╠══════╬════════════════╬═══════════════╣
║ Go ║ Rob Pike ║ 2009 ║
╚══════╩════════════════╩═══════════════╝
name | designed_by | invented_year
------+----------------+---------------
C | Dennis Ritchie | 1972
Rust | Graydon Hoare | 2010
Go | Rob Pike | 2009
| name | designed_by | invented_year |
|------|----------------|---------------|
| C | Dennis Ritchie | 1972 |
| Rust | Graydon Hoare | 2010 |
| Go | Rob Pike | 2009 |
====== ================ ===============
name designed_by invented_year
====== ================ ===============
C Dennis Ritchie 1972
Rust Graydon Hoare 2010
Go Rob Pike 2009
====== ================ ===============
.........................................
: name : designed_by : invented_year :
:......:................:...............:
: C : Dennis Ritchie : 1972 :
: Rust : Graydon Hoare : 2010 :
: Go : Rob Pike : 2009 :
:......:................:...............:
.---------------------------------------.
| name | designed_by | invented_year |
| C | Dennis Ritchie | 1972 |
| Rust | Graydon Hoare | 2010 |
| Go | Rob Pike | 2009 |
'---------------------------------------'
name designed_by invented_year
C Dennis Ritchie 1972
Rust Graydon Hoare 2010
Go Rob Pike 2009
name designed_by invented_year
C Dennis Ritchie 1972
Rust Graydon Hoare 2010
Go Rob Pike 2009
You can modify existing styles to fit your needs. Mind that all modifications are done at compile time.
Check the documentation for more customization options.
If you can't make desicions at compile time - use Theme.
An example for castomization, where we remove all vertical and horizontal lines but adding single line.
use tabled::settings::{Style, HorizontalLine, VerticalLine};
let style = Style::modern()
.horizontals([(1, HorizontalLine::inherit(Style::modern()).horizontal('═'))])
.verticals([(1, VerticalLine::inherit(Style::modern()))])
.remove_horizontal()
.remove_vertical();This style will look like the next table:
┌──────┬───────────────────────────────┐
│ name │ designed_by invented_year │
├══════┼═══════════════════════════════┤
│ C │ Dennis Ritchie 1972 │
│ Go │ Rob Pike 2009 │
│ Rust │ Graydon Hoare 2010 │
└──────┴───────────────────────────────┘As was said doing customization at constant context is not always a best choise,
you may need to change a style at runtime, you may use Theme object to do that.
Theme is quite powerful by itself,
you can check it in the documentation.
use tabled::grid::config::{Border, HorizontalLine};
use tabled::settings::Theme;
let mut style = Theme::default();
style.insert_horizontal_line(1, HorizontalLine::full('-', '-', '+', '+'));
style.set_frame(Border::filled('+'));This style will look like the following:
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+ name designed_by invented_year +
+-------------------------------------+
+ C Dennis Ritchie 1972 +
+ Go Rob Pike 2009 +
+ Rust Graydon Hoare 2010 +
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Sometimes tabled::Style settings are not enough.
Sometimes it's necessary to change a border of a particular cell.
For this purpose you can use Border.
use testing_table::assert_table;
use tabled::{
settings::{object::Rows, Border, Style},
Table,
};
let data = [["123", "456"], ["789", "000"]];
let mut table = Table::new(data);
table.with(Style::ascii());
table.modify(
Rows::first(),
Border::inherit(Style::ascii())
.top('=')
.corner_top_left('=')
.corner_top_right('='),
);
assert_table!(
table,
"============="
"| 0 | 1 |"
"+-----+-----+"
"| 123 | 456 |"
"+-----+-----+"
"| 789 | 000 |"
"+-----+-----+"
);You can set a string to a horizontal border line.
use tabled::{settings::style::LineText, Table};
use tabled::settings::object::Rows;
let mut table = Table::new(["Hello World"]);
table.with(LineText::new(".table", Rows::first()).offset(2));
assert_eq!(
table.to_string(),
"+-.table------+\n\
| &str |\n\
+-------------+\n\
| Hello World |\n\
+-------------+"
);Sometimes though it's not convenient to set a string.
But rather necessary to set a custom character.
You can use LineChar to achieve this.
use tabled::{
settings::{object::Columns, style::{LineChar, Offset, Style}},
Table,
};
let mut table = Table::new([["Hello", "World", "!"]]);
table.with(Style::markdown());
table.modify(Columns::new(..), LineChar::horizontal(':', Offset::Begin(0)));
table.modify(Columns::new(..), LineChar::horizontal(':', Offset::End(0)));| 0 | 1 | 2 |
|:-----:|:-----:|:-:|
| Hello | World | ! |
You can set colors of borders using Color and BorderColor.
If you need to higlight a border of a set of cells check out Highlight
use tabled::settings::{style::BorderColor, Color};
use tabled::settings::object::Columns;
// Doing it this will set a frame of the table to green color.
table.with(BorderColor::filled(Color::FG_GREEN));
// Doing it this will set borders of all cells in 2nd column green color.
table.modify(Columns::single(2), BorderColor::filled(Color::FG_GREEN));It was considered that having a few atomic settings is better rather then have one but feature full.
But tabled::settings::themes::* diverges a bit from this idea.
It contains a list of settings which do bigger changes to the table.
The first one is Theme itself.
You can change layout, set style, colorize, config borders and even reverse the table with it.
use tabled::settings::{
object::{Columns, Object},
Alignment, Style, Theme,
};
let mut style = Theme::from_style(Style::ascii_rounded());
style.remove_border_horizontal();
style.remove_border_vertical();
style.set_footer(true);
table.with(style);
table.with(Alignment::center());
table.modify(Columns::first(), Alignment::left());
table.modify(Columns::last(), Alignment::right());You'll see the following output when run against the first example.
.---------------------------------------------------------------------------.
| name C Go Rust name |
| designed_by Dennis Ritchie Rob Pike Graydon Hoare designed_by |
| invented_year 1972 2009 2010 invented_year |
'---------------------------------------------------------------------------'
You can colorize the content by the pattern or a specific cell.
use std::iter::FromIterator;
use tabled::{
builder::Builder,
settings::{object::Rows, style::Style, themes::Colorization, Color},
};
let data = vec![
vec!["Word", "Translation", "Lang"],
vec!["World", "le monde", "FR"],
vec!["World", "Welt", "DE"],
];
let color_col1 = Color::BG_GREEN | Color::FG_BLACK;
let color_col2 = Color::BG_MAGENTA | Color::FG_BLACK;
let color_col3 = Color::BG_YELLOW | Color::FG_BLACK;
let color_head = Color::BG_WHITE | Color::FG_BLACK;
let color_head_text = Color::BG_BLUE | Color::FG_BLACK;
let mut table = Builder::from_iter(data).build();
table
.with(Style::empty())
.with(Colorization::columns([color_col1, color_col2, color_col3]))
.with(Colorization::exact([color_head], Rows::first()))
.modify(Rows::first(), color_head_text);
println!("{table}");You can move the header right to the borders.
use tabled::{
builder::Builder,
settings::{style::Style, themes::ColumnNames},
};
let data = vec![
vec![String::from("header 0"), String::from("header 1")],
vec![String::from("Hello"), String::from("World")],
vec![String::from("Bonjour"), String::from("le monde")],
vec![String::from("Hallo"), String::from("Welt")],
];
let mut table = Builder::from(data).build();
table.with(Style::modern());
table.with(ColumnNames::default());
println!("{table}");┌header 0─┬header 1──┐
│ Hello │ World │
├─────────┼──────────┤
│ Bonjour │ le monde │
├─────────┼──────────┤
│ Hallo │ Welt │
└─────────┴──────────┘
You can set a horizontal and vertical alignment for any Object (e.g Columns, Rows)\ using Alignment.
use tabled::settings::{object::Segment, Alignment};
use tabled::Table;
let data = vec![
("text", "Multiline\ntext"),
("text", "text"),
];
let mut table = Table::new(data);
table.modify(Segment::all(), (Alignment::right(), Alignment::bottom()));
println!("{table}");+------+-----------+
| &str | &str |
+------+-----------+
| | Multiline |
| Text | text |
+------+-----------+
| text | text |
+------+-----------+
Format function provides an interface for modification of cells.
use tabled::{
settings::{format::Format, object::Rows},
Table,
};
let data = vec![[0; 10]; 9];
let mut table = Table::new(data);
table.modify(
Rows::new(..),
Format::positioned(|_, (row, col)| ((row + 1) * (col + 1)).to_string()),
);
println!("{table}");+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+
| 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 20 |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+
| 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 18 | 21 | 24 | 27 | 30 |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+
| 4 | 8 | 12 | 16 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 32 | 36 | 40 |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+
| 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+
| 6 | 12 | 18 | 24 | 30 | 36 | 42 | 48 | 54 | 60 |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+
| 7 | 14 | 21 | 28 | 35 | 42 | 49 | 56 | 63 | 70 |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+
| 8 | 16 | 24 | 32 | 40 | 48 | 56 | 64 | 72 | 80 |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+
| 9 | 18 | 27 | 36 | 45 | 54 | 63 | 72 | 81 | 90 |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+
| 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 100 |
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+
The Padding structure provides an interface for left, right, top and bottom padding of cells.
You can set indent size and color of the padding.
use tabled::settings::{
object::{Columns, Object, Rows},
Color, Padding,
};
// Set a padding for first column
table.modify(Columns::first(), Padding::new(0, 10, 0, 0));
// Set a padding for a last column (except first row)
table.modify(
Columns::last().not(Rows::first()),
Padding::new(1, 1, 0, 0).fill('[', ']', ' ', ' '),
);
// Set a padding and its color for a first row
table.modify(Rows::first(), Padding::new(2, 2, 0, 2).fill(' ', ' ', ' ', ' '));
table.modify(Rows::first(), PaddingColor::filled(Color::BG_BLUE));Applying the last change to the first example will result in the following.
Margin sets extra space around the table (top, bottom, left, right).
As for Padding you can set indent, size and color of the extra space.
use tabled::settings::Margin;
table.with(Margin::new(3, 4, 1, 2).fill('>', '<', 'v', '^'));If you run it for a first example you'll get.
vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
>>>+------+----------------+---------------+<<<<
>>>| name | designed_by | invented_year |<<<<
>>>+------+----------------+---------------+<<<<
>>>| C | Dennis Ritchie | 1972 |<<<<
>>>+------+----------------+---------------+<<<<
>>>| Go | Rob Pike | 2009 |<<<<
>>>+------+----------------+---------------+<<<<
>>>| Rust | Graydon Hoare | 2010 |<<<<
>>>+------+----------------+---------------+<<<<
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
You can set a color for the characters.
use tabled::settings::{Margin, Color, MarginColor};
table.with(Margin::new(3, 4, 1, 2).fill('>', '<', 'v', '^'));
table.with(MarginColor::new(
Color::BG_BRIGHT_BLUE,
Color::BG_BRIGHT_CYAN,
Color::BG_BLUE,
Color::BG_RED,
));Shadow can be used to set a 'shadow' like margin.
use tabled::{settings::{Style, Shadow}, Table};
let data = vec![["A", "B", "C"]];
let table = Table::new(data)
.with(Style::modern())
.with(Shadow::new(1))
.to_string();
println!("{}", table);┌───┬───┬───┐
│ 0 │ 1 │ 2 │▒
├───┼───┼───┤▒
│ A │ B │ C │▒
└───┴───┴───┘▒
▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒
Using the following structures you can configure the width of a table and a single cell.
BEWARE that Width controls only content, so it can't make things smaller then a certain minimum.
BEWARE that it DOES NOT consider Padding when adjusting the width.
The functions preserves ansi color sequences (when ansi feature is on).
Below is an example of setting an exact table width.
use tabled::{
settings::{peaker::Priority, Width},
Table,
};
fn gen_table(size: usize, width: usize) -> String {
let data = vec![(size.to_string(), "x".repeat(size))];
let mut table = Table::new(data);
table.with((
Width::wrap(width).priority(Priority::max(true)),
Width::increase(width).priority(Priority::min(true)),
));
table.to_string()
}
let table = gen_table(50, 40);
println!("{table}");
let table = gen_table(20, 40);
println!("{table}");The result must be seen as following.
+--------+-----------------------------+
| String | String |
+--------+-----------------------------+
| 50 | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx |
| | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx |
+--------+-----------------------------+
+---------------+----------------------+
| String | String |
+---------------+----------------------+
| 20 | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx |
+---------------+----------------------+
Truncate sets a maximum width of a cell by truncating its content.
use tabled::settings::{Width, object::Rows};
// Truncating content to 10 chars in case it's bigger than that
// in a first row.
table.modify(Rows::first(), Width::truncate(10));
// Truncating content to 7 chars and puts a suffix '...' after it
// in all rows except a first.
table.modify(Rows::new(1..), Width::truncate(10).suffix("..."));Truncate can be used to set a maximum width of a whole table.
use tabled::settings::Width;
// Tries to set table width to 22, in case it's bigger than that.
table.with(Width::truncate(22));It can be used in combination with MinWidth to set an exact table size.
Wrap sets a maximum width of a cell by wrapping its content to new lines.
use tabled::settings::{Width, object::Rows};
// Wrap content to 10 chars in case it's bigger than that
// in a first row.
table.modify(Rows::first().with(Width::wrap(10)));
// Use a strategy where we try not to keep words split (where possible).
table.modify(Rows::new(1..).with(Width::wrap(10).keep_words()));Wrap can be used to set a maximum width of a whole table.
use tabled::settings::Width;
// Tries to set table width to 22, in case it's bigger than that.
table.with(Width::wrap(22));It can be used in combination with MinWidth to set an exact table size.
MinWidth sets a minimal width of an object.
use tabled::settings::{Width, object::Rows};
// increase the space used by cells in all rows except the header to be at least 10
table.modify(Rows::new(1..), Width::increase(10));MinWidth also can be used to set a minimum width of a whole table.
use tabled::settings::Width;
// increase width of a table in case it was lower than 10.
table.with(Width::increase(10));It can be used in combination with Truncate and Wrap to set an exact table size.
You can set a constant width for all columns using Justify.
use tabled::settings::Width;
table.with(Width::justify(10));You can tweak Truncate, Wrap, MinWidth logic by setting a priority by which a trim or increase be done.
use tabled::settings::{Width, peaker::Priority};
table.with(Width::truncate(10).priority(Priority::min()));By default you use usize int to set width settings,
but you could do it also with tabled::width::Percent.
use tabled::settings::{Width, measurement::Percent};
table.with(Width::wrap(Percent(75)));You can increase and decrease a table or a specific cell height using the Height modifier.
Beware that Height controls only content,
so it can't make things smaller then a certain minimum.
Below is an example of setting an exact table height and width.
use std::iter::FromIterator;
use tabled::{
settings::{Height, Settings, Width},
Table,
};
fn gen_data(width: usize, height: usize) -> Vec<Vec<String>> {
let dims = format!("{}x{}", width, height);
let string = vec!["x".repeat(width); height].join("\n");
vec![
vec![String::from("N"), String::from("string")],
vec![dims, string],
]
}
fn gen_table(data: Vec<Vec<String>>, width: usize, height: usize) -> String {
let mut table = Table::from_iter(data);
table.with((
Width::truncate(width),
Width::increase(width),
Height::increase(height),
Height::limit(height),
));
table.to_string()
}
println!("{}", gen_table(gen_data(40, 10), 30, 8));
println!("{}", gen_table(gen_data(40, 4), 80, 12));+-------+--------------------+
| N | string |
| | |
| | |
+-------+--------------------+
| 40x10 | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx |
| | |
+-------+--------------------+
+-----------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| N | string |
| | |
| | |
+-----------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
| 40x4 | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx |
| | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx |
| | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx |
| | xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx |
| | |
| | |
+-----------------------------------+------------------------------------------+
Increasing the height of a cell of a whole table could be done by Height::increase.
use tabled::settings::{Height, object::Rows};
// increase height of a table in case it was lower than 10.
table.with(Height::increase(10));
// increase height of cells in the last row on a table in case if some of them has it lower than 10.
table.modify(Rows::last(), Height::increase(10));Truncation of the height of a cell of a whole table could be done by Height::limit.
use tabled::settings::{Height, object::Rows};
// decrease height of a table to 10 in case it was bigger than that.
table.with(Height::limit(10));
// decrease height of cells in the last row on a table to 10 in case if some of them has it bigger than that.
table.modify(Rows::last(), Height::limit(10));You can rotate a table using tabled::Rotate.
Imagine you have a table already which output may look like this.
┌────┬──────────────┬───────────────────────────┐
│ id │ distribution │ link │
├────┼──────────────┼───────────────────────────┤
│ 0 │ Fedora │ https://getfedora.org/ │
├────┼──────────────┼───────────────────────────┤
│ 2 │ OpenSUSE │ https://www.opensuse.org/ │
├────┼──────────────┼───────────────────────────┤
│ 3 │ Endeavouros │ https://endeavouros.com/ │
└────┴──────────────┴───────────────────────────┘
Now we will add the following modificator and the output will be rotated;
use tabled::settings::Rotate;
table.with(Rotate::Left);┌──────────────┬────────────────────────┬───────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────┐
│ link │ https://getfedora.org/ │ https://www.opensuse.org/ │ https://endeavouros.com/ │
├──────────────┼────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ distribution │ Fedora │ OpenSUSE │ Endeavouros │
├──────────────┼────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ id │ 0 │ 2 │ 3 │
└──────────────┴────────────────────────┴───────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────┘
You can remove certain rows or columns from the table by Remove.
use tabled::settings::{object::{Columns, Rows}, Remove};
table.with(Remove::row(Rows::first()));
table.with(Remove::column(Columns::single(2)));If the above example be applied for a first example in a file it would look like this.
+------+----------------+
| C | Dennis Ritchie |
+------+----------------+
| Go | Rob Pike |
+------+----------------+
| Rust | Graydon Hoare |
+------+----------------+
You can Extract data segments of a table to focus on it closely.
use tabled::settings::Extract;
table.with(Extract::segment(1..3, 1..));+-------+-------------+-----------+
| i32 | &str | bool |
+-------+-------------+-----------+ +-------------+-----------+
| : 0 : | : Grodno : | : true : | | : Grodno : | : true : |
+-------+-------------+-----------+ = +-------------+-----------+
| : 1 : | : Minsk : | : true : | | : Minsk : | : true : |
+-------+-------------+-----------+ +-------------+-----------+
| : 2 : | : Hamburg : | : false : |
+-------+-------------+-----------+
| : 3 : | : Brest : | : true : |
+-------+-------------+-----------+
You can add a Header and Footer to display some information.
use tabled::settings::Panel;
let count_elements = table.count_rows();
table
.with(Panel::vertical(0, "A vertical panel").width(1))
.with(Panel::header("Tabled Name"))
.with(Panel::footer(format!("{} elements", count_elements)));When applied to the main example of this file it will result in the following output.
+---+------+----------------+---------------+
| Tabled Name |
+---+------+----------------+---------------+
| A | name | designed_by | invented_year |
| | | | |
| v | | | |
| e | | | |
+ r +------+----------------+---------------+
| t | C | Dennis Ritchie | 1972 |
| i | | | |
| c | | | |
+ a +------+----------------+---------------+
| l | Go | Rob Pike | 2009 |
| | | | |
| p | | | |
+ a +------+----------------+---------------+
| n | Rust | Graydon Hoare | 2010 |
| e | | | |
| l | | | |
+---+------+----------------+---------------+
| 4 elements |
+---+------+----------------+---------------+
It's possible to create "Panel"s by combining the duplicates using Merge.
use tabled::{settings::merge::Merge, Table};
let data = [['A', 'B', 'B'], ['A', 'W', 'E'], ['Z', 'Z', 'Z']];
let mut table = Table::new(data);
table.with(Merge::horizontal()).with(Merge::vertical());
println!("{}", table);+---+---+---+
| 0 | 1 | 2 |
+---+---+---+
| A | B |
+ +---+---+
| | W | E |
+---+---+---+
| Z |
+---+---+---+
You can concatenate 2 tables using Concat.
It will stick 2 tables together either vertically or horizontally.
The example below shows the result of horizontal concat of the primary table of this file.
use tabled::settings::Concat;
table.with(Concat::horizontal(table.clone()));The result.
+------+----------------+---------------+------+----------------+---------------+
| name | designed_by | invented_year | name | designed_by | invented_year |
+------+----------------+---------------+------+----------------+---------------+
| C | Dennis Ritchie | 1972 | C | Dennis Ritchie | 1972 |
+------+----------------+---------------+------+----------------+---------------+
| Go | Rob Pike | 2009 | Go | Rob Pike | 2009 |
+------+----------------+---------------+------+----------------+---------------+
| Rust | Graydon Hoare | 2010 | Rust | Graydon Hoare | 2010 |
+------+----------------+---------------+------+----------------+---------------+
The example below show the result of vertical concat of the primary table of this file.
use tabled::settings::Concat;
table.with(Concat::vertical(table.clone()));The result.
+------+----------------+---------------+
| name | designed_by | invented_year |
+------+----------------+---------------+
| C | Dennis Ritchie | 1972 |
+------+----------------+---------------+
| Go | Rob Pike | 2009 |
+------+----------------+---------------+
| Rust | Graydon Hoare | 2010 |
+------+----------------+---------------+
| name | designed_by | invented_year |
+------+----------------+---------------+
| C | Dennis Ritchie | 1972 |
+------+----------------+---------------+
| Go | Rob Pike | 2009 |
+------+----------------+---------------+
| Rust | Graydon Hoare | 2010 |
+------+----------------+---------------+
Highlight can be used to change the borders of target region.
Here's an example.
use tabled::{
settings::{
object::{Columns, Object, Rows},
Border, Highlight, Style,
},
Table,
};
let data = vec![["A", "B", "C"], ["D", "E", "F"]];
let mut table = Table::new(data);
table.with(Style::modern());
table.with(Highlight::border(
Rows::first().and(Columns::single(2).and((1, 1))),
Border::filled('*'),
));
println!("{}", table);The resulting table would be the following.
*************
* 0 │ 1 │ 2 *
*****───┼───*
│ A * B │ C *
├───*****───*
│ D │ E * F *
└───┴───*****
It's possible to set a horizontal(column) span and vertical(row) span to a cell. For certain look and feel, this might cause visual artifacts on table borders (see #399). This can be fixed by using tabled::settings::style::BorderSpanCorrection.
use tabled::{
settings::{Alignment, Span},
Table,
};
let data = vec![["A", "B", "C"], ["D", "E", "F"]];
let mut table = Table::new(data);
table
.modify((0, 0), Span::column(3))
.modify((1, 0), Span::column(2))
.with(Alignment::center());
println!("{}", table);+---+---+---+
| 0 |
+---+---+---+
| A | C |
+---+---+---+
| D | E | F |
+---+---+---+
use tabled::{
settings::{Alignment, Span},
Table,
};
let data = vec![["A", "B", "C"], ["D", "E", "F"]];
let mut table = Table::new(data);
table
.modify((0, 1), Span::row(3))
.with(Alignment::center())
.with(Alignment::center_vertical());
println!("{}", table);+---+---+---+
| 0 | | 2 |
+---+ +---+
| A | 1 | C |
+---+ +---+
| D | | F |
+---+---+---+
You can Split a table on a row or column to redistribute the cells beyond that point
into a new shape with the provided point acting as the new, upper boundary in the direction selected.
Adding this to a first example will result in the next table.
use tabled::settings::{Style, split::Split};
table.with(Style::modern());
table.with(Split::column(2).concat());The result of the running example will be as follows.
┌───────────────┬────────────────┐
│ name │ designed_by │
├───────────────┼────────────────┤
│ C │ Dennis Ritchie │
├───────────────┼────────────────┤
│ Go │ Rob Pike │
├───────────────┼────────────────┤
│ Rust │ Graydon Hoare │
├───────────────┼────────────────┤
│ invented_year │ │
├───────────────┼────────────────┤
│ 1972 │ │
├───────────────┼────────────────┤
│ 2009 │ │
├───────────────┼────────────────┤
│ 2010 │ │
└───────────────┴────────────────┘
It's possible to duplicate a given set of cell to another set.
use tabled::{Table, settings::{Dup, object::Rows}};
let mut table = Table::new(data);
// copy lastfirst line to the last line (last line gets erased).
table.with(Dup::new(Rows::last(), Rows::first()));To be able to use a Tabled macros each field must implement std::fmt::Display
otherwise it will not work.
The following example will cause a error.
use tabled::Tabled;
#[derive(Tabled)]
struct SomeType {
field1: SomeOtherType,
}
struct SomeOtherType;The Tabled macro is available when derive feature in turned on.
And it is by default.
Most of the default types implement the corresponding traits too.
You can use a #[tabled(rename = "")] attribute to override a column name.
use tabled::Tabled;
#[derive(Tabled)]
struct Person {
#[tabled(rename = "Name")]
first_name: &'static str,
#[tabled(rename = "Surname")]
last_name: &'static str,
}Beside #[tabled(rename = "")] you can change a format of a column name using
#[tabled(rename_all = "UPPERCASE")].
use tabled::Tabled;
#[derive(Tabled)]
#[tabled(rename_all = "CamelCase")]
struct Person {
id: u8,
number: &'static str,
name: &'static str,
#[tabled(rename_all = "snake_case")]
middle_name: &'static str,
}You can mark filds as hidden in which case they will be ignored and not be present on a sheet.
A similar effect could be achieved by the means of a Remove.
use tabled::Tabled;
#[derive(Tabled)]
struct Person {
id: u8,
#[tabled(skip)]
number: &'static str,
name: &'static str,
}You can change the order in which they will be displayed in table.
use tabled::Tabled;
#[derive(Tabled)]
struct Person {
id: u8,
#[tabled(order = 0)]
number: &'static str,
#[tabled(order = 1)]
name: &'static str,
}As was said already, using #[derive(Tabled)] is possible only when all fields implement a Display trait.
However, this may be often not the case for example when a field uses the Option type. There's 2 common ways how to solve this:
- Implement
Tabledtrait manually for a type. - Wrap
Optionto something likeDisplayedOption<T>(Option<T>)and implement a Display trait for it.
Alternatively, you can use the #[tabled(display_with = "func")] attribute for the field to specify a display function.
use tabled::Tabled;
#[derive(Tabled)]
pub struct MyRecord {
pub id: i64,
#[tabled(display_with = "display_option")]
pub valid: Option<bool>
}
fn display_option(o: &Option<bool>) -> String {
match o {
Some(s) => format!("is valid thing = {}", s),
None => format!("is not valid"),
}
}You can send an argument to a function like this (it also possible to use &self),
using #[tabled(display_with("some_function", "arg1", 2, self))]
use tabled::Tabled;
#[derive(Tabled)]
pub struct MyRecord {
pub id: i64,
#[tabled(display_with("Self::display_valid", self, 1))]
pub valid: Option<bool>
}
impl MyRecord {
fn display_valid(&self, arg: usize) -> String {
match self.valid {
Some(s) => format!("is valid thing = {} {}", s, arg),
None => format!("is not valid {}", arg),
}
}
}To reduce boilerplate code, one can also achieve this using the format attribute within #[derive(Tabled)].
use tabled::Tabled;
#[derive(Tabled)]
pub struct Motorcycle {
weight: usize,
#[tabled(format = "{} cc")]
cc: usize,
}In the above example, the cc field will be formatted using the specified format string "{} cc", where {} is replaced with the value of cc.
Just like with display_with attribute, you can pass arguments for more complex formatting scenarios:
use tabled::Tabled;
#[derive(Tabled)]
pub struct Motorcycle {
weight: usize,
#[tabled(format = "{}/{} cc/kg", self.cc, self.weight)]
cc: usize,
}In this case, the cc field will be formatted using the format string "{}/{} cc/kg", and {} will be replaced with the values of cc and weight, respectively.
It's possible to inline internal data if it implements the Tabled trait using #[tabled(inline)].
You can also set a prefix which will be used for all inlined elements by #[tabled(inline("prefix>>"))].
use tabled::Tabled;
#[derive(Tabled)]
struct Person {
id: u8,
name: &'static str,
#[tabled(inline)]
ed: Education,
}
#[derive(Tabled)]
struct Education {
uni: &'static str,
graduated: bool,
}And it works for enums as well.
use tabled::Tabled;
#[derive(Tabled)]
enum Vehicle {
#[tabled(inline("Auto::"))]
Auto {
model: &'static str,
engine: &'static str,
},
#[tabled(inline)]
Bikecycle(
&'static str,
#[tabled(inline)] Bike,
),
}
#[derive(Tabled)]
struct Bike {
brand: &'static str,
price: f32,
}tabled has a few representations of tables. Some differ in view, and some differ in implementation details.
There are situations when you might better use one but not another. But sometimes some can be used interchangeably.
Below you'll find a short list of existing ones. You can find descriptive information about each in the documentation.
Main table of the library. It's implemenentation requires that all data be stored on heap.
It's similar to main Table, it's only difference is that it does not require a the whole buffer.
It only requires a buffer for 1 row at a time.
It might be useful when you can't fit all your data in memory.
Similar to IterTable but it might not require any buffer.
It also has capability for a sniffing logic, where we estimate data dimension on a small selection of data.
It might be useful in a very constrain environments.
It is the only table which supports no-std.
Unlike Table it does not nessarily require columns to be aligned.
It provides capabilities for a completely and utterly diverse table layout.
Example
use tabled::{
settings::{Alignment, Style},
tables::PoolTable,
};
let characters = [
"Naruto Uzumaki",
"Kakashi Hatake",
"Minato Namikaze",
"Jiraiya",
"Orochimaru",
"Itachi Uchiha",
];
let data = characters.chunks(2);
let table = PoolTable::new(data)
.with(Style::dots())
.with(Alignment::center())
.to_string();
println!("{table}");The output would look like the following.
...................................
: Naruto Uzumaki : Kakashi Hatake :
:................:................:
: Minato Namikaze : Jiraiya :
:....................:............:
: Orochimaru : Itachi Uchiha :
:...............:.................:
You can use ExtendedTable if your data structure has a lot of fields.
Here's an example.
use tabled::{tables::ExtendedTable, Tabled};
#[derive(Tabled)]
struct Distribution {
name: &'static str,
is_active: bool,
is_cool: bool,
}
let data = [
Distribution {
name: "Manjaro",
is_cool: true,
is_active: true,
},
Distribution {
name: "Debian",
is_cool: true,
is_active: true,
},
Distribution {
name: "Debian",
is_cool: true,
is_active: true,
},
];
let table = ExtendedTable::new(&data);
println!("{}", table);You'll see the following.
-[ RECORD 0 ]------
name | Manjaro
is_active | true
is_cool | true
-[ RECORD 1 ]------
name | Debian
is_active | true
is_cool | true
-[ RECORD 2 ]------
name | Debian
is_active | true
is_cool | true
You use formatting(std::fmt::*) options to apply certain settings.
use tabled::Table;
let numbers = [1, 2, 3];
let table = Table::new(numbers);
println!("{:#^10}", table);The result will be as follows.
#+-----+##
#| i32 |##
#+-----+##
#| 1 |##
#+-----+##
#| 2 |##
#+-----+##
#| 3 |##
#+-----+##
The library doesn't bind you in the usage of any color library but to be able to work correctly with colored input (with ANSI sequences), and avoid miscalculation of string width
because of embedded ansi sequences, you should add the ansi feature to your Cargo.toml:
tabled = { version = "*", features = ["ansi"] }Then you can use colored strings as values and table will be properly rendered.
Tuning our favorite example will result in the following:
use tabled::{format::Format, object::Columns, Style, Table};
use owo_colors::OwoColorize;
let mut table = Table::new(&data);
table
.with(Style::psql())
.modify(Columns::single(0), Format::new(|s| s.red().to_string()))
.modify(Columns::single(1), Format::new(|s| s.blue().to_string()))
.modify(Columns::new(2..), Format::new(|s| s.green().to_string()));
You also can combine objects which implement Tabled by means of tuples, you will get a combined columns of them.
use tabled::{
settings::{Alignment, Style},
Table, Tabled,
};
#[derive(Tabled)]
struct Developer(#[tabled(rename = "name")] &'static str);
#[derive(Tabled)]
enum Domain {
Security,
Embedded,
Frontend,
Unknown,
}
let data = vec![
(Developer("Terri Kshlerin"), Domain::Embedded),
(Developer("Catalina Dicki"), Domain::Security),
(Developer("Jennie Schmeler"), Domain::Frontend),
(Developer("Maxim Zhiburt"), Domain::Unknown),
];
let table = Table::new(data)
.with(Style::psql())
.with(Alignment::center())
.to_string();
assert_eq!(
table,
concat!(
" name | Security | Embedded | Frontend | Unknown \n",
"-----------------+----------+---------+----------+---------\n",
" Terri Kshlerin | | + | | \n",
" Catalina Dicki | + | | | \n",
" Jennie Schmeler | | | + | \n",
" Maxim Zhiburt | | | | + ",
)
);You can concat together options, just like Settings does, but in a more ideomatic way.
use tabled::{
settings::{Alignment, Style},
Table,
};
let movies = vec![
("The Fall Guy", 2024, 6.9),
("Barbie", 2023, 6.8),
("The Chase for Carrera", 2023, 7.5),
];
let mut table = Table::new(movies);
table.with((Alignment::right(), Style::modern()));
assert_eq!(
table.to_string(),
"┌───────────────────────┬──────┬─────┐\n\
│ &str │ i32 │ f64 │\n\
├───────────────────────┼──────┼─────┤\n\
│ The Fall Guy │ 2024 │ 6.9 │\n\
├───────────────────────┼──────┼─────┤\n\
│ Barbie │ 2023 │ 6.8 │\n\
├───────────────────────┼──────┼─────┤\n\
│ The Chase for Carrera │ 2023 │ 7.5 │\n\
└───────────────────────┴──────┴─────┘",
);You can apply settings to a subgroup of cells using and and not methods for an object.
use tabled::settings::object::{Object, Segment, Cell, Rows, Columns};
Segment::all().not(Rows::first()); // select all cells except header.
Columns::first().and(Columns::last()); // select cells from first and last columns.
Rows::first().and(Columns::single(0)).not(Cell(0, 0)); // select the header and first column except the (0, 0) cell.Also you can target a column via its name using ByColumnName.
use tabled::{location::ByColumnName, Alignment, Modify};
table.with(Modify::new(ByColumnName::new("name")).with(Alignment::center()));Builder is a powerful tool you shall be aware of.
For example you can use Builder::index to make a particular column an index,
which will stay on the left.
use tabled::{builder::Builder, settings::Style};
let mut builder = Builder::default();
builder.push_record(["Index", "Language", "Status"]);
builder.push_record(["1", "English", "In progress"]);
builder.push_record(["2", "Deutsch", "Not ready"]);
let builder = builder.index().column(1).name(None);
let mut table = builder.build();
table.with(Style::rounded());
println!("{}", table);╭─────────┬───────┬─────────────╮
│ │ Index │ Status │
├─────────┼───────┼─────────────┤
│ English │ 1 │ In progress │
│ Deutsch │ 2 │ Not ready │
╰─────────┴───────┴─────────────╯
For example you can use transpose() method to change the layout.
// A dynamic table example
// ...
let mut builder = builder.index().transpose();.-------------------------------------------------.
| | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| 0 | And | Little | When | I | You |
| 1 | the | boy | you | don't | know |
| 2 | cat's | blue | comin' | know | we'll |
| 3 | in | and | home | when, | have |
| 4 | the | the | dad? | but | a |
| 5 | cradle | man | | we'll | good |
| 6 | and | on | | get | time |
| 7 | the | the | | together | then |
| 8 | silver | moon | | then | |
| 9 | spoon | | | son | |
'-------------------------------------------------'
Utilities for dynamic Table displays.
col! creates a single column table, with a given set of cells.
row! creates a single row table, with a given set of cells.
Combine col! and row! to create flexible table visualizations.
use tabled::{col, row, settings::Style};
let mut table = row![
col!["table 0", "0", "1", "2"],
col!["table 1", "world"],
col!["table 2"],
];
table.with(Style::modern_rounded());
println!("{table}");The output you're going to see running it.
╭─────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────╮
│ +---------+ │ +---------+ │ +---------+ │
│ | table 0 | │ | table 1 | │ | table 2 | │
│ +---------+ │ +---------+ │ +---------+ │
│ | 0 | │ | world | │ │
│ +---------+ │ +---------+ │ │
│ | 1 | │ │ │
│ +---------+ │ │ │
│ | 2 | │ │ │
│ +---------+ │ │ │
╰─────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────╯
It's possible to construct a table at compile time, via static_table.
You'd need to include a different crate to use it.
static_table = "*"let table = static_table::static_table!(
[
["x", "y", "op", "result"],
["1", '2', '*', '2'],
["2", '2', '*', '4']
],
THEME = "ROUNDED",
);
assert_eq!(
table,
"╭───┬───┬────┬────────╮\n\
│ x │ y │ op │ result │\n\
├───┼───┼────┼────────┤\n\
│ 1 │ 2 │ * │ 2 │\n\
│ 2 │ 2 │ * │ 4 │\n\
╰───┴───┴────┴────────╯",
);Notice that you can even use it in documentation.
/// Multiply 2 integers together.
///
#[doc = static_table::static_table!([
["x", "y", "result"],
["1", '0', '0'],
["1", '2', '2'],
["2", '2', '4']
])]
pub fn mul(left: usize, right: usize) -> usize {
left + right
}It will look as follows.
The library has a list of features.
std- Used by default. If not its consideredno_stdwith a limited set of functionality.derive- Used by default. Adds support forTabledderive macro.ansi- A support for ANSI sequences.macros- A support forrow!,col!macro.
You can convert some formats to a Table using a utility library.
You can convert arbitrary json to a Table using json_to_table library.
See the example.
You can convert arbitrary ron to a Table using ron_to_table library.
See the example.
You can convert arbitrary csv to a Table using csv_to_table library.
See the example.
You can convert arbitrary toml to a Table using toml_to_table library.
See the example.
You can convert a Table into HTML <table> using table_to_html library.
See the example.
Since version 0.11 we no longer have special treatment for symbols which WILL break your terminal output such as
\t and \r.
So if your content might contain them you shall either handle it yourself,
or call tabled::settings::formatting::Charset::clean and tabled::settings::formatting::Tabsize.
By default tabled doesn't handle ANSI escape codes.
By default such things as hyperlinks, blinking and others things which can be achieved via ANSI codes might not work correctly.
To enable this support, add the ansi feature to your Cargo.toml
tabled = { version = "*", features = ["ansi"] }The library support emojies out of the box (but sometimes ansi feature is required).
Be aware that some of the terminals and editors may not render them as you would expect.
Let's add emojies to an example from a Usage section.
let languages = vec![
Language {
name: "C 💕",
designed_by: "Dennis Ritchie",
invented_year: 1972,
},
Language {
name: "Rust 👍",
designed_by: "Graydon Hoare",
invented_year: 2010,
},
Language {
name: "Go 🧋",
designed_by: "Rob Pike",
invented_year: 2009,
},
];The resultant table will look like the following.
As you can see Github tricks a bit a return table, but GNOME terminal and Alacritty terminal handle it correctly.
+---------+----------------+---------------+
| name | designed_by | invented_year |
+---------+----------------+---------------+
| C 💕 | Dennis Ritchie | 1972 |
+---------+----------------+---------------+
| Rust 👍 | Graydon Hoare | 2010 |
+---------+----------------+---------------+
| Go 🧋 | Rob Pike | 2009 |
+---------+----------------+---------------+
It's a frequent case where it's necessary to align a table to a terminal width or height.
You can achieve that by using Width and Height.
You can peak a strategy by which a column/row truncation/widening will be done by using Priority.
This example uses terminal_size crate to determine ones size, but it's possible to use anything.
use tabled::{
builder::Builder,
settings::{peaker::Priority, Height, Settings, Width},
Table,
};
use terminal_size::{terminal_size, Height as TerminalHeight, Width as TerminalWidth};
fn get_terminal_size() -> (usize, usize) {
let (TerminalWidth(width), TerminalHeight(height)) =
terminal_size().expect("failed to obtain a terminal size");
(width as usize, height as usize)
}
let (width, height) = get_terminal_size();
let data = [
["0.2.1", "2021-06-23", "true", "#[header(inline)] attribute"],
["0.2.0", "2021-06-19", "false", "API changes"],
["0.1.4", "2021-06-07", "false", "display_with attribute"],
];
let settings = Settings::default()
.with(Width::wrap(width).priority(Priority::max(true)))
.with(Width::increase(width))
.with(Height::limit(height))
.with(Height::increase(height));
let mut table = Table::from_iter(data);
table.with(settings);
println!("{table}");When you need to release a breaking change — any breaking change — you do it in a major version. Period. No excuses.
We still do it.
We often do breaking changes on minor version bump.
So you probably shall not depend on minor version (like 0.7).
It's likely better to depend on constant version e.g. =0.8.0
Breaking MSRV considered to be a breaking change; but see semver-note
Nowadays there are a few libraries for pretty tables.
Some may wonder why tabled is better or worse than others libraries?
I hope tabled does its job well, but at the end of the day you probably need to decide for yourself.
If you have any ideas for an enhancement or have a question about tabled please file an issue.
Below you will find a list of crates which do similar things or do something which tabled doesn't.
You can find performance comparison benchmarks here.
The description is taken from the author's quotes.
-
cli-tabletends to keep the compile time and crate size low and support all the platforms. It has an optionalcsvsupport. -
comfy-tablefocuses on providing a minimalistic, but rock-solid library for building text-based tables with focus on safety and dynamic-length content arrangement. -
term-table-rsmain focus is on a good set of tools for rendering CLI tables, while allowing users to bring their own tools for things like colors. It has an ability to have different number of columns in each row of the table.
Please open an issue if you feel another crate is worth mentioning.
![@dependabot[bot]](https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/in/29110?s=64&v=4){kind=small}
