feat(odbc source): Add ODBC source implementation

[powerumc]

Summary

This PR implemented a new ODBC(Open Database Connectivity) Source.

Vector configuration

Example configuration

[sources.odbc]
type = "odbc"
connection_string = "driver={MariaDB Unicode};server=<your server>;port=<your port>;database=<your database>;uid=<your uid>;pwd=<your password>;"
statement = "SELECT * FROM odbc_table WHERE id > ? LIMIT 1;"
statement_init_params = { id = "0" }
schedule = "*/5 * * * * *"
schedule_timezone = "UTC"
last_run_metadata_path = "/path/to/odbc_tracking.json"
tracking_columns = ["id"]

MariaDB DDL & Example data

create table odbc_table
(
    id int auto_increment primary key,
    name varchar(255) null,
    datetime datetime null
);

INSERT INTO odbc_table (name, datetime) VALUES
('test1', now()),
('test2', now()),
('test3', now()),
('test4', now()),
('test5', now());

How did you test this PR?

I tested it with integration tests of two databases: MariaDB and Postgresql.
(Testing the MySQL container integration in an ARM64 architecture is not simple, so I tested it with MariaDB. Instead, I manually tested MySQL locally.)

cargo vdev integration test odbc-mariadb
cargo vdev integration test odbc-postgresql

Change Type

• Bug fix
• New feature
• Non-functional (chore, refactoring, docs)
• Performance

Is this a breaking change?

• Yes
• No

Does this PR include user facing changes?

• Yes. Please add a changelog fragment based on our guidelines.
• No. A maintainer will apply the no-changelog label to this PR.

References

• Related: Prototype MySQL Database Source Implementation and Roadmap Inquiry for Official Database Sources/Sinks Support #22931

Notes

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