src: fix race on process exit and off thread CA loading

[legendecas]

When calling process.exit() or on uncaught exceptions as soon as the
process starts, the process will try to terminate immediately. In this
case, there could be a race condition on the unfinished off-thread
system CA loader which tries to access the OpenSSL API which has been
de-inited on the main thread.

Example stacks:

Thread 0:: MainThread Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread
0   libsystem_malloc.dylib        	       0x191568570 small_malloc_from_free_list + 384
1   libsystem_malloc.dylib        	       0x191567dc8 small_malloc_should_clear + 176
2   libsystem_malloc.dylib        	       0x191567c0c szone_malloc_should_clear + 120
3   node                          	       0x103e8b038 CRYPTO_malloc + 84 (mem.c:211) [inlined]
4   node                          	       0x103e8b038 CRYPTO_aligned_alloc + 128 (mem.c:277)
5   node                          	       0x103e79584 alloc_new_neighborhood_list + 16 (hashtable.c:157) [inlined]
6   node                          	       0x103e79584 ossl_ht_flush_internal + 84 (hashtable.c:292)
7   node                          	       0x103e79668 ossl_ht_free + 40 (hashtable.c:325)
8   node                          	       0x103e872b8 ossl_namemap_free + 32 (core_namemap.c:554) [inlined]
9   node                          	       0x103e872b8 ossl_stored_namemap_free + 60 (core_namemap.c:72)
10  node                          	       0x103e86c30 context_deinit_objs + 172 (context.c:295)
11  node                          	       0x103e85f0c context_deinit + 24 (context.c:376) [inlined]
12  node                          	       0x103e85f0c ossl_lib_ctx_default_deinit + 52 (context.c:415)
13  node                          	       0x103e89ba0 OPENSSL_cleanup + 196 (init.c:464)
14  libsystem_c.dylib             	       0x19161f964 __cxa_finalize_ranges + 512
15  libsystem_c.dylib             	       0x19161f704 exit + 44
16  node                          	       0x102cd3540 node::Exit(node::ExitCode) + 12 (environment.cc:988)
17  node                          	       0x102cd3590 node::DefaultProcessExitHandlerInternal(node::Environment*, node::ExitCode) + 80 (environment.cc:1007)
18  node                          	       0x102d4a268 std::__1::__function::__value_func<void (node::Environment*, node::ExitCode)>::operator()[abi:nn190102](node::Environment*&&, node::ExitCode&&) const + 28 (function.h:430) [inlined]
19  node                          	       0x102d4a268 std::__1::function<void (node::Environment*, node::ExitCode)>::operator()(node::Environment*, node::ExitCode) const + 28 (function.h:989) [inlined]
20  node                          	       0x102d4a268 node::Environment::Exit(node::ExitCode) + 400 (env.cc:1879)
21  node                          	       0x102dab73c node::errors::TriggerUncaughtException(v8::Isolate*, v8::Local<v8::Value>, v8::Local<v8::Message>, bool) + 488
22  node                          	       0x103103c48 v8::internal::MessageHandler::ReportMessageNoExceptions(v8::internal::Isolate*, v8::internal::MessageLocation const*, v8::internal::DirectHandle<v8::internal::Object>, v8::Local<v8::Value>) + 300 (messages.cc:179)
23  node                          	       0x103103ac4 v8::internal::MessageHandler::ReportMessage(v8::internal::Isolate*, v8::internal::MessageLocation const*, v8::internal::DirectHandle<v8::internal::JSMessageObject>) + 640 (messages.cc:146)
24  node                          	       0x1030f2d7c v8::internal::Isolate::ReportPendingMessages(bool) + 528 (isolate.cc:3136)
25  node                          	       0x1030dca54 v8::internal::(anonymous namespace)::Invoke(v8::internal::Isolate*, v8::internal::(anonymous namespace)::InvokeParams const&) + 1312
26  node                          	       0x1030dc50c v8::internal::Execution::Call(v8::internal::Isolate*, v8::internal::DirectHandle<v8::internal::Object>, v8::internal::DirectHandle<v8::internal::Object>, v8::base::Vector<v8::internal::DirectHandle<v8::internal::Object> const>) + 120 (execution.cc:530)
27  node                          	       0x102f60e50 v8::Function::Call(v8::Isolate*, v8::Local<v8::Context>, v8::Local<v8::Value>, int, v8::Local<v8::Value>*) + 472 (api.cc:5433)
28  node                          	       0x102d8a2d4 node::builtins::BuiltinLoader::CompileAndCall(v8::Local<v8::Context>, char const*, int, v8::Local<v8::Value>*, node::Realm*) + 60 (node_builtins.cc:510) [inlined]
29  node                          	       0x102d8a2d4 node::builtins::BuiltinLoader::CompileAndCall(v8::Local<v8::Context>, char const*, node::Realm*) + 276
30  node                          	       0x102e2eac0 node::Realm::ExecuteBootstrapper(char const*) + 76 (node_realm.cc:181)
31  node                          	       0x102d6ed70 node::StartExecution(node::Environment*, char const*) + 52 (node.cc:254)
32  node                          	       0x102d6ed14 node::StartExecution(node::Environment*, std::__1::function<v8::MaybeLocal<v8::Value> (node::StartExecutionCallbackInfo const&)>) + 1756
33  node                          	       0x102cd1e28 node::LoadEnvironment(node::Environment*, std::__1::function<v8::MaybeLocal<v8::Value> (node::StartExecutionCallbackInfo const&)>, std::__1::function<void (node::Environment*, v8::Local<v8::Value>, v8::Local<v8::Value>)>) + 368 (environment.cc:570)
34  node                          	       0x102de821c node::NodeMainInstance::Run(node::ExitCode*, node::Environment*) + 48 (node_main_instance.cc:106) [inlined]
35  node                          	       0x102de821c node::NodeMainInstance::Run() + 176 (node_main_instance.cc:99)
36  node                          	       0x102d72da4 node::StartInternal(int, char**) + 232 (node.cc:1578) [inlined]
37  node                          	       0x102d72da4 node::Start(int, char**) + 728 (node.cc:1585)
38  dyld                          	       0x1913c6b98 start + 6076

Thread 1 Crashed:
0   libsystem_pthread.dylib       	       0x191764690 pthread_rwlock_wrlock + 0
1   node                          	       0x103e993b0 CRYPTO_THREAD_write_lock + 12 (threads_pthread.c:642)
2   node                          	       0x103e34480 OSSL_DECODER_CTX_new_for_pkey + 1796 (decoder_pkey.c:921)
3   node                          	       0x103f36878 x509_pubkey_ex_d2i_ex + 612 (x_pubkey.c:208)
4   node                          	       0x103da3358 asn1_template_noexp_d2i + 188 (tasn_dec.c:682)
5   node                          	       0x103da2140 asn1_item_embed_d2i + 1504 (tasn_dec.c:422)
6   node                          	       0x103da3358 asn1_template_noexp_d2i + 188 (tasn_dec.c:682)
7   node                          	       0x103da2140 asn1_item_embed_d2i + 1504 (tasn_dec.c:422)
8   node                          	       0x103da1ae0 asn1_item_ex_d2i_intern + 40 (tasn_dec.c:118) [inlined]
9   node                          	       0x103da1ae0 ASN1_item_d2i_ex + 60 (tasn_dec.c:144) [inlined]
10  node                          	       0x103da1ae0 ASN1_item_d2i + 76 (tasn_dec.c:154)
11  node                          	       0x102f10710 node::crypto::ReadMacOSKeychainCertificates(std::__1::vector<x509_st*, std::__1::allocator<x509_st*>>*) + 372 (crypto_context.cc:527)
12  node                          	       0x104c6e57c node::crypto::GetSystemStoreCACertificates() + 20 [inlined]
13  node                          	       0x104c6e57c node::crypto::LoadSystemCACertificates(void*) (.cold.1) + 32 (crypto_context.cc:818)
14  node                          	       0x102f10d60 node::crypto::GetSystemStoreCACertificates() + 4 (crypto_context.cc:811) [inlined]
15  node                          	       0x102f10d60 node::crypto::LoadSystemCACertificates(void*) + 52 (crypto_context.cc:818)
16  libsystem_pthread.dylib       	       0x191767c0c _pthread_start + 136
17  libsystem_pthread.dylib       	       0x191762b80 thread_start + 8

Refs: #59550

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/68870/

[joyeecheung]

LGTM though I have some comments, can be done as follow up though

[joyeecheung]

I noticed that in the normal exit path, this is done separately and guarded by kNoInitializeNodeV8Platform

node/src/node.cc

Lines 1312 to 1321 in ca76b39

	if (!(flags & ProcessInitializationFlags::kNoInitializeNodeV8Platform)) {
	V8::DisposePlatform();
	// uv_run cannot be called from the time before the beforeExit callback
	// runs until the program exits unless the event loop has any referenced
	// handles after beforeExit terminates. This prevents unrefed timers
	// that happen to terminate during shutdown from being run unsafely.
	// Since uv_run cannot be called, uv_async handles held by the platform
	// will never be fully cleaned up.
	per_process::v8_platform.Dispose();
	}

Maybe we should wrap the things that need to be done both on normal and abnormal exit into a helper and call them in both DefaultProcessExitHandlerInternal and TearDownOncePerProcess?

(Also, from what I can tell, this function would only get called on the main thread - it would be better to assert it, most things in this section can only be called once by one thread)

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 89.83%. Comparing base (886e4b3) to head (f02900e).
⚠️ Report is 45 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #59632      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   89.85%   89.83%   -0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         667      667              
  Lines      196260   196261       +1     
  Branches    38559    38562       +3     
==========================================
- Hits       176341   176319      -22     
- Misses      12368    12376       +8     
- Partials     7551     7566      +15     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/api/environment.cc	77.12% <100.00%> (+0.21%)	⬆️

... and 27 files with indirect coverage changes

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[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/68872/

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/68881/

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/68923/

[nodejs-github-bot]

Landed in 737b42e