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doc: add information about Node-API versions >=9 #50168

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29 changes: 24 additions & 5 deletions doc/api/n-api.md
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Expand Up @@ -239,11 +239,30 @@ available to the module code.

## Node-API version matrix

Node-API versions are additive and versioned independently from Node.js.
Version 4 is an extension to version 3 in that it has all of the APIs
from version 3 with some additions. This means that it is not necessary
to recompile for new versions of Node.js which are
listed as supporting a later version.
Up until version 9, Node-API versions are additive and versioned
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independently from Node.js. For example, version 4 is an extension to version
3 in that it has all of the APIs from version 3 with some additions. Each
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Node.js version only supported a single Node-API version. For example
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For example v18.15.0 supports only Node-API version 8. ABI stability was
achieved because 8 was a strict superset of all previous versions.

As of version 9, while Node-API versions continue to be versioned independently
an add-on that ran with Node-API version 9 may need updates to run with
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Node-API version 10. ABI stability is maintained, however, because Node.js
versions that support Node-API versions higher than 8 will support all
versions between 8 and the highest version they support and will default
to providing the version 8 APIs unless an addon opts into a
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higher Node-API version. This approach provides the flexibility
of better optimizing existing Node-API functions while maintaing ABI stability.
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Existing addons can continue to run without recompilation using an earlier
version of Node-API. If an addon needs functionality from a newer Node-API
version, changes to existing code and recompilation will be needed to use
those new functions anyway.

In versions of Node.js that support Node-API version 9 and later, defining
NAPI\_VERSION=X and using the existing addon initialization macros will bake
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in the requested Node-API version that will be used at runtime into the addon.
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If NAPI\_VERSION is not set it will default to 8.
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This table may not be up to date in older streams, the most up to date
information is in the latest API documentation in:
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