♻️ Update outdated filter after restructuring MQT repos

[ystade]

Description

We are about to restructure our MQT repos such that code belonging to Python bindings resites at a different location, i.e., all bindings-related code is moved to a top-level bindings/ directory and all Python files go into a top-level python/ directory. The PR #982 in MQT Core demonstrates that for MQT Core and #624 in MQT QMAP for MQT QMAP.

Hence, some filters in the change detection workflow become obsolete and should be updated. I included a first proposal for that update but I am not 100% certain whether this covers everything. Let's consolidate within this PR.

Checklist:

• The pull request only contains commits that are focused and relevant to this change.
• I have added appropriate tests that cover the new/changed functionality.
• I have updated the documentation to reflect these changes.
• I have added entries to the changelog for any noteworthy additions, changes, fixes or removals.
• I have added migration instructions to the upgrade guide (if needed).
• The changes follow the project's style guidelines and introduce no new warnings.
• The changes are fully tested and pass the CI checks.
• I have reviewed my own code changes.

[burgholzer]

I believe the changes here look reasonable and practically complete! Thanks @ystade!
I just have one comment that we should all be aware of.

This is assuming that we stick with the currently proposed changes and do not refine the structure further. (e.g., moving Python tests to python/tests)