[opentelemetry-cpp] Update to 1.10.0

[MonicaLiu0311]

Fixes #33177, update opentelemetry-cpp to 1.10.0.

• Remove deprecated option WITH_OTLP: CHANGELOG.md#L38-L39

• Remove deprecated option WITH_JAEGER: CHANGELOG.md?#L145-L148, DEPRECATED.md#jaeger-propagator

• All features are tested successfully in the following triplet:

  x86-windows
  x64-windows
  x64-windows-static
  

• The usage test passed on x64-windows (header files found):

  opentelemetry-cpp provides CMake targets:
  
    # this is heuristically generated, and may not be correct
    find_package(opentelemetry-cpp CONFIG REQUIRED)
    # note: 26 additional targets are not displayed.
    target_link_libraries(main PRIVATE opentelemetry-cpp::api opentelemetry-cpp::ext opentelemetry-cpp::sdk opentelemetry-cpp::logs)
  

• Changes comply with the maintainer guide
• SHA512s are updated for each updated download
• The "supports" clause reflects platforms that may be fixed by this new version
• Any fixed CI baseline entries are removed from that file.
• Any patches that are no longer applied are deleted from the port's directory.
• The version database is fixed by rerunning ./vcpkg x-add-version --all and committing the result.
• Only one version is added to each modified port's versions file.

[MonicaLiu0311]

Higher version #33983.