Fix php8.2 Deprecation warnings for strpos/preg_match/mb_strwidth in extractQueryString/extractQueryString/limit

[tivvie]

Hello,

We log php deprecation warnings of our Laravel app in Sentry.
These fixes benefit us that we don't recive them anymore.
As soon as PHP removes this functionality in the next version, a fix will be needed.

My code does not introduce any side effects. (hopefully)
If i missed somthing please contact me.

Thanks!
Timothy Elias

[taylorotwell]

You shouldn't be passing null to these methods.

[cweiske]

So we have to litter blade templates with $var ?? '' fallbacks.

[cweiske]

Other patches were merged that fix "Passing null to parameter" deprecation warnings:

• [8.x] Avoid Passing null to parameter exception on PHP 8.1 #43951
• [9.x] Passing null to parameter #2 ($string) of type string is deprecated #42980
• [8.x] Ensure $prefix is a string #36254
• [10.x] Avoid TypeError when using json validation rule when PHP < 8.3 #49474

Others were rejected, though:

• [9.x] Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated #43510
• Fix passing null to non-nullable parameters of fromJson function  #43507
• Fix passing null to non-nullable parameters of fromJson function #43508
• [9.x] Update Encrypter.php #42370 (later reverted)