feat(dev-tools): Device pre-flight diagnostics & ADB connection health-check

[hungify]

What to build

Implement automated pre-flight diagnostics to inspect connected Android hardware via ADB before build/install operations. If no device is detected or USB debugging is unauthorized, provide actionable guidance (Developer options, MTP transfer mode, authorization prompt) rather than failing cryptically during Gradle install.

Acceptance criteria

• make device (or standalone script) queries ADB and detects connected devices.
• Displays clear diagnostic status: device online, device unauthorized, or no device found.
• Provides step-by-step troubleshooting checklist on terminal when connection is missing or unauthorized.
• Integrates into make phone-run to verify device readiness before executing Gradle installation.

Blocked by

• feat(dev-tools): Root Makefile & automated CLI workflow for Phone and Watch #33: feat(dev-tools): Root Makefile & automated CLI workflow for Phone and Watch