Fix a bunch of places we forget to aws_raise_error()

[graebm]

See: awslabs/aws-c-common#1089

By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache 2.0 license.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: 1 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Comparison is base (63da70e) 89.08% compared to head (a77b996) 89.39%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #405      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   89.08%   89.39%   +0.30%     
==========================================
  Files          21       20       -1     
  Lines        6168     5863     -305     
==========================================
- Hits         5495     5241     -254     
+ Misses        673      622      -51     

Files	Coverage Δ
source/s3_checksums.c	92.04% <0.00%> (+0.04%)	⬆️

... and 1 file with indirect coverage changes