[C++][Docs] Expand C++ Cookbook

[asfimport]

Currently, the C++ Cookbook has very few examples compared to the Python Cookbook, even though C++ Arrow can be used for the same tasks. Achieving parity between the cookbooks would be useful for developers to be able to use Arrow via C++ as a primary language.

Requires creation of examples and some light supporting prose – Python Cookbook can likely be copied in structure and some prose to save time.

Reporter: Kae Suarez / @ksuarez1423

Related issues:

• [C++][Docs] Add documentation for authoring compute kernels (is related to)

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-17168. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Aldrin Montana / @drin:
linked to ARROW-12724 as it relates to adding/referencing a C++ cookbook for compute kernels:
apache/arrow-cookbook#174