[JS] add logging

[asfimport]

As discussed in #3634, the javascript library will need some logging infrastructure. The goals for this implementation are a lightweight logger that can be easily configured to not write to console.

Reporter: Dominik Moritz / @domoritz

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-4588. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Sujay Kathrotia:
Has there been any activity on this? If not, I can take it up. Seems a good place to start contributing on the project.

[asfimport]

Dominik Moritz / @domoritz:
I don't think we have logging set up yet.

[domoritz]

Not sure why we need this right now. Closing.