Block Library: Move translatable fields to `block.json` files for core blocks

[gziolo]

Part of #16209.

Depends on #23636 – i18n support to block.json metadata file is missing at the moment.

Move translatable fields (title, description, keywords, styles.label) to block.json for all core blocks.

Done

In addition to that, wp_set_script_translations call should be added to ensure that translations are loaded for the script (similar to what was added in #24125). See:

https://github.com/WordPress/wordpress-develop/blob/e4bda140d4437f5bd5690e18bc12a0eb70bb92c9/src/wp-includes/blocks.php#L137-L139