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📖 A curated list of resources dedicated to Natural Language Processing (NLP)

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awesome-nlp Awesome

A curated list of resources dedicated to Natural Language Processing

Awesome NLP Logo

Maintainers - Keon, Martin, Nirant, Dhruv

Please read the contribution guidelines before contributing. Please feel free to create pull requests.

Contents

Research Summaries and Trends

Tutorials

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Reading Content

General Machine Learning

Introductions and Guides to NLP

Blogs and Newsletters

Videos and Online Courses

Deep Learning and NLP

Word embeddings, RNNs, LSTMs and CNNs for Natural Language Processing | Back to Top

Classical NLP

Bayesian, statistics and Linguistics approaches for Natural Language Processing | Back to Top

Books

Libraries

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  • Node.js and Javascript - Node.js Libaries for NLP | Back to Top

    • Twitter-text - A JavaScript implementation of Twitter's text processing library
    • Knwl.js - A Natural Language Processor in JS
    • Retext - Extensible system for analyzing and manipulating natural language
    • NLP Compromise - Natural Language processing in the browser
    • Natural - general natural language facilities for node
    • Poplar - A web-based annotation tool for natural language processing (NLP)

  • Python - Python NLP Libraries | Back to Top

    • TextBlob - Providing a consistent API for diving into common natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Stands on the giant shoulders of Natural Language Toolkit (NLTK) and Pattern, and plays nicely with both 👍
    • spaCy - Industrial strength NLP with Python and Cython 👍
      • textacy - Higher level NLP built on spaCy
    • gensim - Python library to conduct unsupervised semantic modelling from plain text 👍
    • scattertext - Python library to produce d3 visualizations of how language differs between corpora
    • AllenNLP - An NLP research library, built on PyTorch, for developing state-of-the-art deep learning models on a wide variety of linguistic tasks.
    • PyTorch-NLP - NLP research toolkit designed to support rapid prototyping with better data loaders, word vector loaders, neural network layer representations, common NLP metrics such as BLEU
    • Rosetta - Text processing tools and wrappers (e.g. Vowpal Wabbit)
    • PyNLPl - Python Natural Language Processing Library. General purpose NLP library for Python. Also contains some specific modules for parsing common NLP formats, most notably for FoLiA, but also ARPA language models, Moses phrasetables, GIZA++ alignments.
    • jPTDP - A toolkit for joint part-of-speech (POS) tagging and dependency parsing. jPTDP provides pre-trained models for 40+ languages.
    • BigARTM - a fast library for topic modelling
    • Snips NLU - A production ready library for intent parsing
    • Chazutsu - A library for downloading&parsing standard NLP research datasets
    • Word Forms - Word forms can accurately generate all possible forms of an English word
    • Multilingual Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) - A multilingual and extensible document clustering pipeline
    • NLP Architect - A library for exploring the state-of-the-art deep learning topologies and techniques for NLP and NLU
    • Flair - A very simple framework for state-of-the-art multilingual NLP built on PyTorch. Includes BERT, ELMo and Flair embeddings.
    • Kashgari - Simple, Keras-powered multilingual NLP framework, allows you to build your models in 5 minutes for named entity recognition (NER), part-of-speech tagging (PoS) and text classification tasks. Includes BERT and word2vec embedding.

  • C++ - C++ Libraries | Back to Top

    • MIT Information Extraction Toolkit - C, C++, and Python tools for named entity recognition and relation extraction
    • CRF++ - Open source implementation of Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) for segmenting/labeling sequential data & other Natural Language Processing tasks.
    • CRFsuite - CRFsuite is an implementation of Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) for labeling sequential data.
    • BLLIP Parser - BLLIP Natural Language Parser (also known as the Charniak-Johnson parser)
    • colibri-core - C++ library, command line tools, and Python binding for extracting and working with basic linguistic constructions such as n-grams and skipgrams in a quick and memory-efficient way.
    • ucto - Unicode-aware regular-expression based tokenizer for various languages. Tool and C++ library. Supports FoLiA format.
    • libfolia - C++ library for the FoLiA format
    • frog - Memory-based NLP suite developed for Dutch: PoS tagger, lemmatiser, dependency parser, NER, shallow parser, morphological analyzer.
    • MeTA - MeTA : ModErn Text Analysis is a C++ Data Sciences Toolkit that facilitates mining big text data.
    • Mecab (Japanese)
    • Moses
    • StarSpace - a library from Facebook for creating embeddings of word-level, paragraph-level, document-level and for text classification

  • Java - Java NLP Libraries | Back to Top

    • Stanford NLP
    • OpenNLP
    • NLP4J
    • Word2vec in Java
    • ReVerb Web-Scale Open Information Extraction
    • OpenRegex An efficient and flexible token-based regular expression language and engine.
    • CogcompNLP - Core libraries developed in the U of Illinois' Cognitive Computation Group.
    • MALLET - MAchine Learning for LanguagE Toolkit - package for statistical natural language processing, document classification, clustering, topic modeling, information extraction, and other machine learning applications to text.
    • RDRPOSTagger - A robust POS tagging toolkit available (in both Java & Python) together with pre-trained models for 40+ languages.

  • Kotlin - Kotlin NLP Libraries | Back to Top

    • Lingua A language detection library for Kotlin and Java, suitable for long and short text alike
    • Kotidgy — an index-based text data generator written in Kotlin

  • Scala - Scala NLP Libraries | Back to Top

    • Saul - Library for developing NLP systems, including built in modules like SRL, POS, etc.
    • ATR4S - Toolkit with state-of-the-art automatic term recognition methods.
    • tm - Implementation of topic modeling based on regularized multilingual PLSA.
    • word2vec-scala - Scala interface to word2vec model; includes operations on vectors like word-distance and word-analogy.
    • Epic - Epic is a high performance statistical parser written in Scala, along with a framework for building complex structured prediction models.

  • R - R NLP Libraries | Back to Top

    • text2vec - Fast vectorization, topic modeling, distances and GloVe word embeddings in R.
    • wordVectors - An R package for creating and exploring word2vec and other word embedding models
    • RMallet - R package to interface with the Java machine learning tool MALLET
    • dfr-browser - Creates d3 visualizations for browsing topic models of text in a web browser.
    • dfrtopics - R package for exploring topic models of text.
    • sentiment_classifier - Sentiment Classification using Word Sense Disambiguation and WordNet Reader
    • jProcessing - Japanese Natural Langauge Processing Libraries, with Japanese sentiment classification

  • Clojure | Back to Top

    • Clojure-openNLP - Natural Language Processing in Clojure (opennlp)
    • Infections-clj - Rails-like inflection library for Clojure and ClojureScript
    • postagga - A library to parse natural language in Clojure and ClojureScript

  • Ruby | Back to Top

  • Rust

    • whatlang — Natural language recognition library based on trigrams
    • snips-nlu-rs - A production ready library for intent parsing

Services

NLP as API with higher level functionality such as NER, Topic tagging and so on | Back to Top

Annotation Tools

  • GATE - General Architecture and Text Engineering is 15+ years old, free and open source
  • Anafora is free and open source, web-based raw text annotation tool
  • brat - brat rapid annotation tool is an online environment for collaborative text annotation
  • tagtog, costs $
  • prodigy is an annotation tool powered by active learning, costs $
  • LightTag - Hosted and managed text annotation tool for teams, costs $

Techniques

Text Embeddings

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Text embeddings allow deep learning to be effective on smaller datasets. These are often first inputs to a deep learning archiectures and most popular way of transfer learning in NLP. Embeddings are simply vectors or a more generically, real valued representations of strings. Word embeddings are considered a great starting point for most deep NLP tasks.

The most popular names in word embeddings are word2vec by Google (Mikolov) and GloVe by Stanford (Pennington, Socher and Manning). fastText seems to be a fairly popular for multi-lingual sub-word embeddings.

Word Embeddings

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Embedding Paper Organisation gensim- Training Support Blogs
word2vec Official Implementation, T.Mikolove et al. 2013. Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and their Compositionality. pdf Google Yes ✔️ Visual explanations by colah at Deep Learning, NLP, and Representations; gensim's Making Sense of word2vec
GloVe Jeffrey Pennington, Richard Socher, and Christopher D. Manning. 2014. GloVe: Global Vectors for Word Representation. pdf Stanford No ❎ Morning Paper on GloVe by acoyler
fastText Official Implementation, T. Mikolov et al. 2017. Enriching Word Vectors with Subword Information. pdf Facebook Yes ✔️ Fasttext: Under the Hood

Notes for Beginners:

Sentence and Language Model Based Word Embeddings

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Question Answering and Knowledge Extraction

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Datasets

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Multilingual NLP Frameworks

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  • UDPipe is a trainable pipeline for tokenizing, tagging, lemmatizing and parsing Universal Treebanks and other CoNLL-U files. Primarily written in C++, offers a fast and reliable solution for multilingual NLP processing.
  • NLP-Cube : Natural Language Processing Pipeline - Sentence Splitting, Tokenization, Lemmatization, Part-of-speech Tagging and Dependency Parsing. New platform, written in Python with Dynet 2.0. Offers standalone (CLI/Python bindings) and server functionality (REST API).

NLP in Korean

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Libraries

  • KoNLPy - Python package for Korean natural language processing.
  • Mecab (Korean) - C++ library for Korean NLP
  • KoalaNLP - Scala library for Korean Natural Language Processing.
  • KoNLP - R package for Korean Natural language processing

Blogs and Tutorials

Datasets

NLP in Arabic

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Libraries

  • goarabic - Go package for Arabic text processing
  • jsastem - Javascript for Arabic stemming
  • PyArabic - Python libraries for Arabic

Datasets

  • Multidomain Datasets - Largest Available Multi-Domain Resources for Arabic Sentiment Analysis
  • LABR - LArge Arabic Book Reviews dataset
  • Arabic Stopwords - A list of Arabic stopwords from various resources

NLP in Chinese

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Libraries

  • jieba - Python package for Words Segmentation Utilities in Chinese
  • SnowNLP - Python package for Chinese NLP
  • FudanNLP - Java library for Chinese text processing

NLP in German

  • German-NLP - Curated list of open-access/open-source/off-the-shelf resources and tools developed with a particular focus on German

NLP in Spanish

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Data

NLP in Indic languages

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Hindi

Data, Corpora and Treebanks

NLP in Thai

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Libraries

  • PyThaiNLP - Thai NLP in Python Package
  • JTCC - A character cluster library in Java
  • CutKum - Word segmentation with deep learning in TensorFlow
  • Thai Language Toolkit - Based on a paper by Wirote Aroonmanakun in 2002 with included dataset
  • SynThai - Word segmentation and POS tagging using deep learning in Python

Data

  • Inter-BEST - A text corpus with 5 million words with word segmentation
  • Prime Minister 29 - Dataset containing speeches of the current Prime Minister of Thailand

NLP in Danish

NLP in Vietnamese

Libraries

  • underthesea - Vietnamese NLP Toolkit
  • vn.vitk - A Vietnamese Text Processing Toolkit
  • VnCoreNLP - A Vietnamese natural language processing toolkit

Data

NLP in Indonesian

Datasets

Libraries & Embedding

Other Languages

  • Russian: pymorphy2 - a good pos-tagger for Russian
  • Asian Languages: Thai, Lao, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean ICU Tokenizer implementation in ElasticSearch
  • Ancient Languages: CLTK: The Classical Language Toolkit is a Python library and collection of texts for doing NLP in ancient languages
  • Dutch: python-frog - Python binding to Frog, an NLP suite for Dutch. (pos tagging, lemmatisation, dependency parsing, NER)
  • Hebrew: NLPH_Resources - A collection of papers, corpora and linguistic resources for NLP in Hebrew

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Credits for initial curators and sources

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