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Hardware Reference Edge EInk Pinout and Interfaces
Alex J Lennon edited this page Oct 5, 2025
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Quick Specs: i.MX93 Cortex-A55 Dual-Core + M33 | 1GB RAM | WiFi 6 + BT 5.4 + 802.15.4 | E-Ink Display Controller
Pin | Function | GPIO | Notes
----|-------------|-----------|------------------
1 | 3V3 | - | 3.3V Power Output
2 | GND | - | Ground
3 | UART1_TX | GPIO1_2 | Debug/Console TX
4 | UART1_RX | GPIO1_3 | Debug/Console RX
5 | I2C1_SDA | GPIO1_13 | I2C Bus 1 Data
6 | I2C1_SCL | GPIO1_12 | I2C Bus 1 Clock
7 | SPI1_MOSI | GPIO2_1 | SPI Bus 1 MOSI
8 | SPI1_MISO | GPIO2_2 | SPI Bus 1 MISO
9 | SPI1_CLK | GPIO2_0 | SPI Bus 1 Clock
10 | SPI1_CS | GPIO2_3 | SPI Bus 1 CS
11 | GPIO_USER1 | GPIO2_10 | User GPIO
12 | GPIO_USER2 | GPIO2_11 | User GPIO
Pin | Function | GPIO | Notes
----|-------------|-----------|------------------
1 | VCC_EINK | - | E-Ink Power (3.3V)
2 | GND | - | Ground
3 | SPI_MOSI | GPIO2_12 | Display Data
4 | SPI_CLK | GPIO2_13 | Display Clock
5 | SPI_CS | GPIO2_14 | Display CS
6 | DC | GPIO2_15 | Data/Command
7 | RESET | GPIO2_16 | Display Reset
8 | BUSY | GPIO2_17 | Display Busy
- Power Input: 5V 1.5A minimum (USB PD supported)
- Data: USB 2.0 Device mode (programming/debug)
- Serial Console: Available via USB-to-UART bridge
# Interface: wlan0
# Standards: 802.11ax (WiFi 6), 802.11ac, 802.11n
# Bands: 2.4GHz + 5GHz dual-band
# Antenna: Internal PCB antenna + external connector
# Power management GPIOs (i.MX93 numbering):
# WiFi Power: GPIO4_26 (634)
# WiFi Wake: GPIO4_25 (633)
# BT Power: GPIO4_24 (632)# Interface: hci0
# Standard: Bluetooth 5.4 + BLE
# UART: LPUART5 (3000000 baud)
# Reset GPIO: GPIO4_24 (632)
# Pin Configuration:
# BT_UART_TX: MX93_PAD_DAP_TDO_TRACESWO__LPUART5_TX
# BT_UART_RX: MX93_PAD_DAP_TDI__LPUART5_RX
# BT_UART_CTS: MX93_PAD_DAP_TCLK_SWCLK__LPUART5_CTS_B
# BT_UART_RTS: MX93_PAD_DAP_TMS_SWDIO__LPUART5_RTS_B# Protocol: Zigbee, Thread, Matter
# Interface: wpan0 (when configured)
# Frequency: 2.4GHz ISM band
# Coexistence: Hardware arbitration with WiFi/BT# Resolution: 1600x1200 pixels
# Colors: 16 grayscale levels
# Refresh: Full ~2s, Partial ~300ms
# Interface: SPI (10MHz max)
# Control GPIOs (i.MX93 numbering):
# Reset: GPIO2_IO14 (558) - Active Low
# Busy: GPIO2_IO17 (561) - Input status
# DC: GPIO2_IO15 (559) - Data/Command select
# L/R_SEL: GPIO2_IO16 (560) - Left/Right controller
# PWR_EN: GPIO2_IO11 (555) - Display power enable# Power States:
# - Deep Sleep: <1µA (display content retained)
# - Standby: ~10µA (controller active)
# - Active: ~50mA (during refresh)
# - Peak: ~200mA (full screen update)
# Wake Sources:
# - GPIO interrupt
# - WiFi magic packet
# - RTC alarm
# - USB activityRail | Voltage | Idle | Active | Function
------------|---------|---------|---------|------------------
VDD_5V | 5.0V | 50mA | 200mA | Main input power
VDD_3V3 | 3.3V | 30mA | 100mA | Digital logic
VDD_1V8 | 1.8V | 20mA | 80mA | I/O and analog
VDD_0V9 | 0.9V | 40mA | 150mA | CPU core (A55)
VDD_M33 | 1.1V | 5mA | 20mA | M33 core
EINK_VDD | 3.3V | 0mA | 50mA | E-Ink display
# Suspend to RAM: ~2-5 seconds
# Resume from RAM: ~500ms-1s
# Deep Sleep Current: <10mA total system
# Wake-on-LAN: Magic packet detection in hardware
# RTC Wake: Programmable alarm with <1s accuracy# Function: System power management and battery monitoring
# MCU: NXP MCXC143VFM (Arm Cortex-M0+)
# Firmware: Zephyr RTOS with MCUboot bootloader
# Interface: UART (LPUART7) via /dev/ttyLP2 @ 115200 baud
# Pinout: GPIO_IO08 (TX), GPIO_IO09 (RX)
# Features:
# - WiFi/BT module power sequencing
# - Battery monitoring and management
# - 5-year battery life optimization
# - Firmware updates via MCUmgr over UART
# - ECDSA P256 signed firmware support
# Management Commands:
# mcumgr -c pmu image list # Check firmware version
# mcumgr -c pmu image upload # Update firmware
# mcumgr -c pmu reset # Restart PMU# Hardware Security Module: Built-in i.MX93
# Features: Secure boot, key storage, crypto acceleration
# Interface: s4muap (Secure Messaging Unit)
# Status Check: dmesg | grep -i "ele\|enclave"
# Key Storage:
# - Root of Trust keys
# - Device certificates
# - User application keys
# - Secure firmware verification# Boot Chain: ROM → U-Boot (signed) → Kernel (signed) → Rootfs (dm-verity)
# Key Fusing: OTP (One-Time Programmable) fuses
# Rollback Protection: Version counters in secure storage
# Debug Access: Controlled via ELE policies# Primary: eMMC (mmcblk0)
# Recovery: USB Serial Download Protocol (SDP)
# Fallback: SD card (if eMMC fails)
# Boot Mode Selection:
# - Normal: Default DIP switch position
# - Recovery: BOOT button held during power-on# Console: UART1 @ 115200,8,n,1 (via USB-C)
# Network: WiFi (requires driver loading)
# Storage: eMMC primary, SD card secondary
# USB: Device mode for programming/debug# ELE status check
dmesg | grep -i "ele\|enclave\|s4muap"
# Power management status
cat /sys/power/state
cat /sys/power/mem_sleep
# E-Ink display test (if driver loaded)
ls /dev/spidev*
echo "test" > /dev/spidev0.0 # Basic SPI test
# GPIO status
cat /sys/kernel/debug/gpio | grep -E "(555|558|559|560|561|632|633|634)"
# Wireless interfaces
iw dev
hciconfig -a# CPU frequency scaling
echo powersave > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor
# WiFi power management
iw dev wlan0 set power_save on
# Bluetooth low power
hciconfig hci0 lp
# System suspend
echo mem > /sys/power/state- Lower RAM: 1GB vs 2GB on Edge AI board
- No Audio Codec: Audio via USB or Bluetooth only
- E-Ink Specific: Optimized for low-refresh display applications
- Power Sensitive: Designed for battery operation, needs clean power
- Thermal: Passive cooling only, avoid sustained high CPU loads
- Boot Time: <15s optimized, <10s with fast boot
- Suspend/Resume: <1s resume, 2-5s suspend
- Display Refresh: 2s full screen, 300ms partial
- Network Throughput: WiFi 6 capable, actual depends on conditions
- Power Efficiency: <10mA deep sleep, <100mA typical active
💡 Pro Tip: Use cat /sys/power/state to check available power states - this board supports advanced suspend modes for ultra-low power operation!