Add profile abstraction, improve tests

[charleskawczynski]

This PR adds an abstraction to make testing easier. I think that this is technically non-breaking, since all of the returned objects are still callable. One nice thing about this is that now the return type (at least for dispatching), is much more narrow.

This PR also fixes up the tests and makes what is tested much more explicit. In doing this, I found and fixed a few more type instabilities.

Maybe we can merge this and then rebase #44?

I think doing merging this first may help debugging what is wrong in #44.

[Sbozzolo]

I am not completely convienced we need new types, but I also don't think that users would be able to tell the difference from regular functions (given that they are callable), so this does not hurt and encodes a bit of extra information.

[Sbozzolo]

Can you please add a new line here?

[charleskawczynski]

Sure, what for though?

[Sbozzolo]

So that we end all files with a newline character, otherwise they mess up the terminal when you print them (because the prompt stays on the same line)

[Sbozzolo]

Also, this will break this in ClimaAtmos:
https://github.com/CliMA/ClimaAtmos.jl/blob/d36c0f647c351b7fc066545a998b892bf38c141d/src/initial_conditions/initial_conditions.jl#L713

[charleskawczynski]

Also, this will break this in ClimaAtmos: https://github.com/CliMA/ClimaAtmos.jl/blob/d36c0f647c351b7fc066545a998b892bf38c141d/src/initial_conditions/initial_conditions.jl#L713

Ah, right, that's unfortunate.

I guess that'll even break with #44. This will at least allow us to generalize that code a bit more easily. I'll go ahead and merge.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 97.58065% with 3 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 80.50%. Comparing base (5abf8a6) to head (0ab9f34).
Report is 4 commits behind head on main.

Files	Patch %	Lines
src/profiles/ARM_SGP.jl	82.35%	3 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##              main      #45       +/-   ##
============================================
- Coverage   100.00%   80.50%   -19.50%     
============================================
  Files           14       15        +1     
  Lines          271      436      +165     
============================================
+ Hits           271      351       +80     
- Misses           0       85       +85     

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