macOS: ZeroTier connected but no traffic after sleep/wake (requires reboot or long wait to recover)

[XiangZhang-zx]

Expected behavior

After macOS wakes from sleep, ZeroTier should continue passing traffic normally, and SSH via ZeroTier virtual IP should keep working.

Actual behavior

After the MacBook goes to sleep and wakes up:
• ZeroTier still shows Connected
• Virtual interface still exists
• No traffic passes
• SSH to other ZeroTier peers via virtual IP times out
• Restarting ZeroTier via GUI does not fix the issue
• The only workaround I found is:

sudo launchctl unload /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.zerotier.one.plist
sudo launchctl load /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.zerotier.one.plist

•	Even after restarting ZeroTier, traffic does not always recover immediately
•	Sometimes it recovers only after ~20–30 minutes, sometimes only after a full macOS reboot

Steps to reproduce
1. Boot macOS and connect to a ZeroTier network
2. Verify SSH via ZeroTier IP works
3. Put MacBook to sleep
4. Wake it up
5. SSH via ZeroTier IP fails (timeout)
6. Restart ZeroTier using launchctl (above)
7. Traffic may still not pass for an unknown amount of time

Environment
• OS: macOS (Apple Silicon MacBook)
• ZeroTier version: 1.16.0
• Network: Wi-Fi
• Architecture: Apple Silicon (M1/M2)

Additional notes
• Other network traffic works normally
• Issue seems related to sleep/wake or network interface re-initialization
• Similar issues were reported in older versions, but this still happens in 1.16.0

Question
1. After restarting ZeroTier on macOS, is there an expected delay before traffic resumes?
2. Is there a recommended way to force immediate recovery without rebooting?
3. Is this a known macOS sleep/wake issue?