posix: pthread: support POSIX spinlocks

**Is your enhancement proposal related to a problem? Please describe.**
Part of the getting to the PSE51 is implementing the `_POSIX_SPIN_LOCKS` Option Requirement, which is mandatory as part of IEEE Std 1003.1-2017. 

**Describe the solution you'd like**
An implementation of POSIX spin locks.

**Describe alternatives you've considered**

**Additional context**
Part of #51211
