Arbitrary failed action due to inconsistent error/exception handling

[kkmuffme]

https://github.com/woocommerce/action-scheduler/blob/dba9377f26daea2da114b33ddf1431a3550dfb3d/classes/abstracts/ActionScheduler_Abstract_QueueRunner.php

The handling/reporting of failed tasks due to PHP errors and exceptions is completely arbitrary.
e.g.
if an action callback runs preg_match( 'invalid', 'abc' ); it reports an E_WARNING (actually PHP error logs it, since the error handler of as doesn't include that error type) but the action is not reported as failed.

if an action callback runs e.g.

function foo( string $a ) {}
foo( null );

it will catch the throwable and report it as failed.

As #1247 correctly states, error handling can be simplified a lot, but first it has to be decided what actually should count as failure