feat: take_search constant time index lookups

[0ax1]

Note that the micro-benchmarks in take_patches.rs "regress" as we increase the array size to 65536.

[codspeed-hq]

CodSpeed Performance Report

Merging #4951 will degrade performances by 77.91%

_{Comparing ad/patches-constant-time-take (87d6278) with develop (a388bf1)}

Summary

❌ 32 regressions
✅ 1250 untouched
🆕 16 new

⚠️ Please fix the performance issues or acknowledge them on CodSpeed.

Benchmarks breakdown

	Benchmark	BASE	HEAD	Change
❌	take_map[(0.005, 0.05)]	43.6 µs	112.9 µs	-61.37%
❌	take_map[(0.005, 0.1)]	63.6 µs	183.9 µs	-65.42%
❌	take_map[(0.005, 0.5)]	202.2 µs	736.2 µs	-72.54%
❌	take_map[(0.005, 1.0)]	374.5 µs	1,460.5 µs	-74.36%
❌	take_map[(0.01, 0.05)]	51.8 µs	129.8 µs	-60.09%
❌	take_map[(0.01, 0.1)]	68.1 µs	201.6 µs	-66.2%
❌	take_map[(0.01, 0.5)]	213.8 µs	764.4 µs	-72.03%
❌	take_map[(0.01, 1.0)]	390.4 µs	1,465.5 µs	-73.36%
❌	take_map[(0.05, 0.05)]	83.3 µs	259.1 µs	-67.85%
❌	take_map[(0.05, 0.1)]	106.1 µs	340.7 µs	-68.86%
❌	take_map[(0.05, 0.5)]	283.6 µs	1,012.9 µs	-72%
❌	take_map[(0.05, 1.0)]	487.8 µs	1,872.9 µs	-73.95%
❌	take_map[(0.1, 0.05)]	123.5 µs	420 µs	-70.58%
❌	take_map[(0.1, 0.1)]	147.7 µs	515.2 µs	-71.33%
❌	take_map[(0.1, 0.5)]	323.5 µs	1,276.5 µs	-74.65%
❌	take_map[(0.1, 1.0)]	578.7 µs	2,271.5 µs	-74.52%
❌	take_search[(0.005, 0.05)]	49.6 µs	165.3 µs	-70%
❌	take_search[(0.005, 0.1)]	82.8 µs	305.1 µs	-72.87%
❌	take_search[(0.005, 0.5)]	325.4 µs	1,419.6 µs	-77.08%
❌	take_search[(0.005, 1.0)]	630 µs	2,808.6 µs	-77.57%
...	...	...	...	...

ℹ️ Only the first 20 benchmarks are displayed. Go to the app to view all benchmarks.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 88.23529% with 24 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 87.01%. Comparing base (d37444a) to head (87d6278).
⚠️ Report is 9 commits behind head on develop.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
vortex-array/src/patches.rs	88.00%	24 Missing ⚠️

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