RFC/POC: Extend View system to support multi-canvas rendering

[ibgreen]

RFC: Multi-Canvas Presentation for deck.gl

• Status: Draft
• Authors: deck.gl contributors
• Target release: TBD
• Related:
  • luma.gl 9.3 PresentationContext
  • @deck.gl/core
  • @deck.gl/react
  • RFC: DeckCanvas components #10392

Summary

Add a multi-canvas presentation mode to deck.gl built on luma.gl 9.3 PresentationContexts.

The proposal adds:

• DeckProps.canvases?: (string | HTMLCanvasElement)[]
• View.canvasId?: string

When canvases is defined, deck.gl creates or uses an offscreen-backed default device canvas and presents rendered output into one or more DOM canvases. Views are assigned to canvases by canvasId. Each canvas gets its own PresentationContext, event handling root, and controller binding.

This enables a single Deck instance to render multiple independently interactive views into separate canvases on a normal web page, while keeping React basemaps and other View children bound to the correct view and canvas.

A proof-of-concept app demonstrates four independently navigable city maps on one page, each with its own basemap, controller, and filtered data.

Motivation

deck.gl today assumes a single presentation surface. This makes certain layouts awkward or impossible without creating multiple Deck instances:

• editorial pages with maps embedded between text
• small multiples with independent interaction
• dashboards that mix multiple maps and normal DOM content
• layouts where each map panel needs its own basemap and DOM subtree

Creating multiple Deck instances works, but it duplicates GPU state, layer setup, animation loops, and application plumbing. luma.gl 9.3 introduces the missing primitive: one device can present to multiple canvases through multiple PresentationContexts.

This RFC proposes a deck.gl integration that:

• preserves a single Deck and single layer graph
• allows view-level routing to presentation canvases
• keeps basemaps view-bound rather than introducing a separate map-to-canvas API

Goals

• Support multiple presentation canvases from one Deck instance.
• Assign views to canvases with a small extension to the existing View model.
• Keep React View children, including basemaps, colocated with the correct canvas.
• Support dynamic updates to the canvases prop, including add/remove/reorder.
• Support independent controllers per canvas/view.
• Keep picking and event routing scoped to the source canvas.
• Preserve current single-canvas behavior when canvases is not supplied.

Non-Goals

• Changing non-React overlay integrations in v1:
  • @deck.gl/mapbox
  • @deck.gl/google-maps
  • @deck.gl/arcgis
• Adding a separate basemap-to-canvas API.
• Supporting multi-canvas with externally supplied non-offscreen WebGL contexts.
• Replacing the existing single-canvas API.

Background

luma.gl 9.3 supports multiple PresentationContexts per device. deck.gl can use this by separating:

1. the device's default rendering surface, which becomes offscreen in multi-canvas mode
2. the presentation surfaces, one per DOM canvas
3. the deck.gl view graph, which decides which views render into which presentation target

This RFC treats canvas assignment as a property of a View, not of a layer or basemap. That keeps the model consistent:

• View.id binds child content to the view
• View.canvasId binds the view to a presentation canvas

Proposal

Public API

DeckProps.canvases

canvases?: (string | HTMLCanvasElement)[];

[chatgpt-codex-connector]

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[chatgpt-codex-connector]

Clear canvases when no views render to them

When running in multi-canvas mode, canvases with zero mapped viewports are skipped via continue, so they are never rendered or presented again. If a view is removed or reassigned to another canvas at runtime, the old frame remains visible indefinitely on the now-unused canvas, producing stale content during dynamic layout/view updates.

Useful? React with 👍 / 👎.

[coveralls]

coverage: 83.248% (+0.08%) from 83.17% — ib/multi-canvas-rfc into master

[Pessimistress]

• Did you test widgets at all? I did not see any changes to the widget manager on placement handling w/ multiple canvases.

• I strongly recommend that you exclude react from the initial PR. The implementation looks very hacky and not conforming to reactive patterns. And this is adding on top of existing complex React flow with known bugs.

[Pessimistress]

Use a non-react example here? DeckGL react component creates the canvas, so what are the canvas ids in this case?

[Pessimistress]

Deck currently has an option to customize the event root by class name, this seems to be breaking the use case.

[ibgreen-openai]

Deck currently has an option to customize the event root by class name, this seems to be breaking the use case.

I had codex address this comment, could use another look.