enhancement(aggregate): Add Distribution as an aggregation mode

[jlambatl]

Summary

This change adds a new AggregateMode distribution that aggregates individual metrics into a distribution. This doesn't reduce the accuracy of the metrics; instead, it reduces the volume of payloads being emitted from Vector by reducing the overhead of duplicate tags and other fields in exchange for a single larger payload.

This pattern suits real-time analytics databases, where histograms and other statistical functions can be calculated on the fly. It reduces the need to manually codify histogram buckets, which can become an onerous task on systems dealing with large metric volumes.

The distribution is sorted in the current implementation. I have been unsure whether that is a good idea, but I'm happy to change that based on your feedback.

closes: #24001

Vector configuration

[transforms.my_transform_id]
type = "aggregate"
inputs = [ "my-source-or-transform-id" ]
interval_ms = 10_000
mode = "distribution"

How did you test this PR?

I have added many different unit tests that cover the primary aggregation types, histograms, distributions, etc.

Change Type

• Bug fix
• New feature
• Non-functional (chore, refactoring, docs)
• Performance

Is this a breaking change?

• Yes
• No

Does this PR include user-facing changes?

• Yes. Please add a changelog fragment based on our guidelines.
• No. A maintainer will apply the no-changelog label to this PR.

Notes

N/A

[jlambatl]

I've pushed up a commit that should resolve the comments/feedback provided. It's hard to find the balance between being too verbose and not providing enough clarity.

[pront]

Starting to look good, will wait for a review from @vectordotdev/documentation.

[pront]

Hey @jlambatl, I fixed some tests and added new ones. Can you a thorough review of the latest code? I think this PR is almost ready to merge.