sagemathgh-36874: ruff and pep E275 fixes in misc
    
Some fixes performed by `ruff` in the `misc` folder.

Also manually fixing some pycodestyle E275

Also adding a few links for errors in the doc

### 📝 Checklist

- [x] The title is concise, informative, and self-explanatory.
- [x] The description explains in detail what this PR is about.
    
URL: sagemath#36874
Reported by: Frédéric Chapoton
Reviewer(s): Matthias Köppe

src/sage/misc/abstract_method.py

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def abstract_method(f=None, optional=False):
         sage: A.my_method
         <abstract method my_method at ...>
 
-    The current policy is that a ``NotImplementedError`` is raised
+    The current policy is that a :class:`NotImplementedError` is raised
     when accessing the method through an instance, even before the
     method is called::
 
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ def _sage_src_lines_(self):
             sage: src[0]
             'def version():\n'
             sage: lines
-            19
+            18
         """
         from sage.misc.sageinspect import sage_getsourcelines
         return sage_getsourcelines(self._f)

src/sage/misc/banner.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 r"""
 SageMath version and banner info
 """
@@ -58,14 +57,14 @@ def banner_text(full=True):
     if not full:
         return version()
 
-    bars = u"─" * 68
+    bars = "─" * 68
     s = []
     a = s.append
-    a(u'┌' + bars + u'┐')
-    a(u"\n│ %-66s │\n" % version())
+    a('┌' + bars + '┐')
+    a("\n│ %-66s │\n" % version())
     python_version = sys.version_info[:3]
-    a(u"│ %-66s │\n" % 'Using Python {}.{}.{}. Type "help()" for help.'.format(*python_version))
-    a(u'└' + bars + u'┘')
+    a("│ %-66s │\n" % 'Using Python {}.{}.{}. Type "help()" for help.'.format(*python_version))
+    a('└' + bars + '┘')
     pre = version_dict()['prerelease']
     try:
         import sage.all
@@ -75,15 +74,15 @@ def banner_text(full=True):
     if pre or not have_sage_all:
         red_in = '\033[31m'
         red_out = '\033[0m'
-        bars2 = bars.replace(u'─', u'━')
+        bars2 = bars.replace('─', '━')
         a('\n')
-        a(red_in + u'┏' + bars2 + u'┓' + '\n')
+        a(red_in + '┏' + bars2 + '┓' + '\n')
         if pre:
-            a(u"┃ %-66s ┃\n" % 'Warning: this is a prerelease version, and it may be unstable.')
+            a("┃ %-66s ┃\n" % 'Warning: this is a prerelease version, and it may be unstable.')
         if not have_sage_all:
-            a(u"┃ %-66s ┃\n" % 'Warning: sage.all is not available; this is a limited REPL.')
-        a(u'┗' + bars2 + u'┛' + red_out)
-    return u''.join(s)
+            a("┃ %-66s ┃\n" % 'Warning: sage.all is not available; this is a limited REPL.')
+        a('┗' + bars2 + '┛' + red_out)
+    return ''.join(s)
 
 
 def banner():

src/sage/misc/call.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """
 Attribute and method calling
 """

src/sage/misc/converting_dict.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 r"""
 Converting Dictionary
 

src/sage/misc/cython.py

@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ def cython(filename, verbose=0, compile_message=False,
                 try:
                     with open(name + ".lis") as f:
                         cython_messages = f.read()
-                except IOError:
+                except OSError:
                     cython_messages = "Error compiling Cython file"
     except CompileError:
         raise RuntimeError(cython_messages.strip())

src/sage/misc/edit_module.py

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ def template_fields(template):
     """
     dict = {}
     dummy = None
-    while not(dummy):
+    while not dummy:
         try:
             dummy = template.substitute(dict)
         except KeyError as inst:
@@ -168,10 +168,10 @@ def set_edit_template(template_string):
     """
     global edit_template
 
-    if not(isinstance(template_string, Template)):
+    if not isinstance(template_string, Template):
         template_string = Template(template_string)
     fields = set(template_fields(template_string))
-    if not(fields <= set(['file', 'line']) and ('file' in fields)):
+    if not (fields <= set(['file', 'line']) and ('file' in fields)):
         raise ValueError("Only ${file} and ${line} are allowed as template variables, and ${file} must occur.")
     edit_template = template_string
 
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ def edit(obj, editor=None, bg=None):
 
     if editor:
         set_editor(editor)
-    elif not(edit_template):
+    elif not edit_template:
         try:
             ED = os.environ['EDITOR']
             EDITOR = ED.split()
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ def edit(obj, editor=None, bg=None):
         except (ValueError, KeyError, IndexError):
             raise ValueError("Use set_edit_template(<template_string>) to set a default")
 
-    if not(edit_template):
+    if not edit_template:
         raise ValueError("Use set_edit_template(<template_string>) to set a default")
 
     filename, lineno = file_and_line(obj)

src/sage/misc/element_with_label.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 r"""
 Elements with labels.
 
@@ -170,4 +169,4 @@ def __ne__(self, other):
             sage: a != x
             False
         """
-        return not(self == other)
+        return not (self == other)

src/sage/misc/explain_pickle.py

@@ -461,8 +461,8 @@ def run_pickle(self, p):
             sage: sib(pe.run_pickle('T\5\0\0\0hello.'))  # py2
             {atomic:'hello'}
         """
-        for (op, arg, pos) in genops(p):
-            assert(not(self.stopped))
+        for op, arg, pos in genops(p):
+            assert not self.stopped
             try:
                 handler = getattr(self, op.name)
             except AttributeError:
@@ -472,8 +472,8 @@ def run_pickle(self, p):
             else:
                 handler(arg)
 
-        assert(self.stopped)
-        assert(len(self.stack) == 1)
+        assert self.stopped
+        assert len(self.stack) == 1
         return self.stack[0]
 
     def check_value(self, v):
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ def check_value(self, v):
             AssertionError
             sage: pe.check_value(sib(7))
         """
-        assert(isinstance(v, (SageInputExpression, PickleObject)))
+        assert isinstance(v, (SageInputExpression, PickleObject))
 
     def push(self, v):
         r"""
@@ -2442,13 +2442,13 @@ def unpickle_build(obj, state):
         slots = None
 
     if state is not None:
-        assert(isinstance(state, dict))
+        assert isinstance(state, dict)
         d = obj.__dict__
         for k, v in state.items():
             d[k] = v
 
     if slots is not None:
-        assert(isinstance(slots, dict))
+        assert isinstance(slots, dict)
         for k, v in slots.items():
             setattr(obj, k, v)
 
@@ -2635,11 +2635,11 @@ def pers_load(s):
     if cpickle_ok:
         cpickle_repr = repr(cpickle_res)
 
-        assert(current_repr == generic_repr == cpickle_repr)
+        assert current_repr == generic_repr == cpickle_repr
 
         print("result: " + current_repr)
     else:
-        assert(current_repr == generic_repr)
+        assert current_repr == generic_repr
         print("result: " + current_repr + " (cPickle raised an exception!)")
 
 

src/sage/misc/functional.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """
 Functional notation
 

src/sage/misc/latex.py

@@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ def subpcall(x):
         try:
             with open(base + '/' + filename + '.log') as f:
                 print(f.read())
-        except IOError:
+        except OSError:
             pass
         return "Error latexing slide."
     return return_suffix

src/sage/misc/latex_standalone.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 r"""
 Standalone LaTeX Document class and TikzPicture
 

src/sage/misc/lazy_attribute.pyx

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ cdef class _lazy_attribute():
 
     def _sage_src_lines_(self):
         r"""
-        Returns the source code location for the wrapped function.
+        Return the source code location for the wrapped function.
 
         EXAMPLES::
 
@@ -87,15 +87,14 @@ cdef class _lazy_attribute():
             sage: src[0]
             'def banner():\n'
             sage: lines
-            89
+            88
         """
         from sage.misc.sageinspect import sage_getsourcelines
         return sage_getsourcelines(self.f)
 
-
     def __get__(self, a, cls):
         """
-        Implements the attribute access protocol.
+        Implement the attribute access protocol.
 
         EXAMPLES::
 
@@ -143,6 +142,7 @@ cdef class _lazy_attribute():
             raise
         return result
 
+
 class lazy_attribute(_lazy_attribute):
     r"""
     A lazy attribute for an object is like a usual attribute, except

src/sage/misc/mrange.py

@@ -336,8 +336,8 @@ def __len__(self):
         """
         Return the cardinality of this iterator as an int.
 
-        Raises a ``TypeError`` if the cardinality does not fit into a Python
-        int.
+        This raises a :class:`TypeError` if the cardinality does not fit
+        into a Python int.
 
         EXAMPLES::
 

src/sage/misc/package.py

@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ def spkg_type(name):
         return None
     try:
         f = open(os.path.join(SAGE_PKGS, name, "type"))
-    except IOError:
+    except OSError:
         # Probably an empty directory => ignore
         return None
 

src/sage/misc/package_dir.py

@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ def handle_file(root, file):
         if package in ordinary_packages:
             pass
         elif ((missing_all_files := distributions_per_directives - package_distributions_per_all_files[package])
-                and not(missing_all_files == set(['']) and len(distributions_per_directives) < 2)):
+                and not (missing_all_files == set(['']) and len(distributions_per_directives) < 2)):
             s = '' if len(missing_all_files) == 1 else 's'
             print(f'{package}: missing file{s} ' + ', '.join(_all_filename(distribution)
                                                              for distribution in missing_all_files))

src/sage/misc/random_testing.py

@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ def test_add_commutes(trials, verbose=False):
         b = QQ.random_element()
         if verbose:
             print("a == {}, b == {} ...".format(a, b))
-        assert(a + b == b + a)
+        assert a + b == b + a
         if verbose:
             print("Passes!")
 
@@ -258,6 +258,6 @@ def test_add_is_mul(trials, verbose=False):
         b = QQ.random_element()
         if verbose:
             print("a == {}, b == {} ...".format(a, b))
-        assert(a + b == a * b)
+        assert a + b == a * b
         if verbose:
             print("Passes!")

src/sage/misc/sage_input.py

@@ -3475,11 +3475,11 @@ def verify_same(a, b):
     """
     from sage.structure.element import is_Element
     if is_Element(a):
-        assert(a.parent() == b.parent())
+        assert a.parent() == b.parent()
     else:
-        assert(type(a) is type(b))
+        assert type(a) is type(b)
     if isinstance(a, (RealIntervalFieldElement, ComplexIntervalFieldElement)):
-        assert(a.endpoints() == b.endpoints()), "Expected %s == %s" % (a, b)
+        assert a.endpoints() == b.endpoints(), "Expected %s == %s" % (a, b)
         return
 
     if not (a == b):

src/sage/misc/sage_timeit.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """
 Accurate timing information for Sage commands
 
@@ -90,9 +89,9 @@ def __repr__(self):
             1 loop, best of 2: 3.14 ns per loop
         """
         if self.stats[0] > 1:
-            s = u"%d loops, best of %d: %.*g %s per loop" % self.stats
+            s = "%d loops, best of %d: %.*g %s per loop" % self.stats
         else:
-            s = u"%d loop, best of %d: %.*g %s per loop" % self.stats
+            s = "%d loop, best of %d: %.*g %s per loop" % self.stats
 
         if isinstance(s, str):
             return s
@@ -217,7 +216,7 @@ def sage_timeit(stmt, globals_dict=None, preparse=None, number=0, repeat=3, prec
     if stmt == "":
         return ''
 
-    units = [u"s", u"ms", u"μs", u"ns"]
+    units = ["s", "ms", "μs", "ns"]
     scaling = [1, 1e3, 1e6, 1e9]
 
     timer = timeit_.Timer()