App fails to deploy on Tomcat 9 but works on 8.5 after upgrade from Java 16 to 17

[Throwholic]

Hi all,

Introduction:
hopefully this is the right place to ask this question, as I am still new to the whole programming world.

I have a vaadin 23 app running on Java 16 and I am using Tomcat 8.5 to deploy it. This works perfectly.

I need to use a RTEditor and I developed something with CKEditorVaadin. However, when I deployed it on the serve it complained that CKEditorVaadin was compiled with a different Java version (17).

So I have chanced my pom-file to use JAVA 17 upgraded my IDE as it was quite outdated changed to project settings to enable JAVA 17. Since Tomcat 8.5 is not compatible with Java 17 I upgraded it to 9.

I created the war file like always using mvn clean install -Pproduction. Moved the file to the webapps folder and used startup.bat.

Logs
Tomcat log:

18-Jan-2025 20:32:50.638 INFORMATION [http-nio-8080-exec-38] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log Initializing AtmosphereFramework
18-Jan-2025 20:32:50.904 INFORMATION [http-nio-8080-exec-38] org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.log 1 Spring WebApplicationInitializers detected on classpath
18-Jan-2025 20:32:50.989 SCHWERWIEGEND [http-nio-8080-exec-38] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart Fehler beim Senden der 'Context Initialized' Benachrichtigung an den Listener aus der Klasse [com.vaadin.flow.server.startup.ServletContextListeners]
	java.lang.IllegalStateException: The application Lookup instance is not found in VaadinContext. The instance is suppoed to be created by a ServletContainerInitializer. Issues known to cause this problem are:
- A Spring Boot application deployed as a war-file but the main application class does not extend SpringBootServletInitializer
- An embedded server that is not set up to execute ServletContainerInitializers
- Unit tests which do not properly set up the context for the test

		at com.vaadin.flow.server.startup.ApplicationConfiguration.lambda$get$0(ApplicationConfiguration.java:54)
		at com.vaadin.flow.server.VaadinServletContext.getAttribute(VaadinServletContext.java:73)
		at com.vaadin.flow.server.startup.ApplicationConfiguration.get(ApplicationConfiguration.java:48)
		at com.vaadin.flow.server.DeploymentConfigurationFactory.createPropertyDeploymentConfiguration(DeploymentConfigurationFactory.java:82)
		at com.vaadin.flow.server.startup.ServletDeployer$StubServletConfig.createDeploymentConfiguration(ServletDeployer.java:185)
		at com.vaadin.flow.server.startup.ServletDeployer.lambda$getServletConfigurations$0(ServletDeployer.java:280)
		at java.base/java.util.Optional.ifPresent(Optional.java:178)
		at com.vaadin.flow.server.startup.ServletDeployer.getServletConfigurations(ServletDeployer.java:279)
		at com.vaadin.flow.server.startup.ServletDeployer.contextInitialized(ServletDeployer.java:194)
		at com.vaadin.flow.server.startup.ServletContextListeners.contextInitialized(ServletContextListeners.java:44)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4018)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:4460)
		at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:164)
		at org.apache.catalina.manager.ManagerServlet.start(ManagerServlet.java:1303)
		at org.apache.catalina.manager.HTMLManagerServlet.start(HTMLManagerServlet.java:642)
		at org.apache.catalina.manager.HTMLManagerServlet.doPost(HTMLManagerServlet.java:188)
		at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:555)
		at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:623)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:199)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:144)
		at org.apache.catalina.filters.CsrfPreventionFilter.doFilter(CsrfPreventionFilter.java:430)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:168)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:144)
		at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:51)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:168)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:144)
		at org.apache.catalina.filters.HttpHeaderSecurityFilter.doFilter(HttpHeaderSecurityFilter.java:129)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:168)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:144)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:168)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:90)
		at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:597)
		at org.apache.catalina.valves.RequestFilterValve.process(RequestFilterValve.java:355)
		at org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve.invoke(RemoteAddrValve.java:54)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:130)
		at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:93)
		at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:660)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:74)
		at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:346)
		at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:396)
		at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:63)
		at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:937)
		at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1791)
		at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:52)
		at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1190)
		at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:659)
		at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:63)
		at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:842)
18-Jan-2025 20:32:51.334 SCHWERWIEGEND [http-nio-8080-exec-38] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStop Exception sending context destroyed event to listener instance of class [com.vaadin.base.devserver.startup.DevModeStartupListener]
	java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke "com.vaadin.flow.di.Lookup.lookup(java.lang.Class)" because "lookup" is null
		at com.vaadin.base.devserver.startup.DevModeStartupListener.contextDestroyed(DevModeStartupListener.java:89)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStop(StandardContext.java:4064)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.stopInternal(StandardContext.java:4686)
		at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.stop(LifecycleBase.java:235)
		at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:168)
		at org.apache.catalina.manager.ManagerServlet.start(ManagerServlet.java:1303)
		at org.apache.catalina.manager.HTMLManagerServlet.start(HTMLManagerServlet.java:642)
		at org.apache.catalina.manager.HTMLManagerServlet.doPost(HTMLManagerServlet.java:188)
		at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:555)
		at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:623)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:199)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:144)
		at org.apache.catalina.filters.CsrfPreventionFilter.doFilter(CsrfPreventionFilter.java:430)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:168)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:144)
		at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:51)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:168)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:144)
		at org.apache.catalina.filters.HttpHeaderSecurityFilter.doFilter(HttpHeaderSecurityFilter.java:129)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:168)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:144)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:168)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:90)
		at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:597)
		at org.apache.catalina.valves.RequestFilterValve.process(RequestFilterValve.java:355)
		at org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve.invoke(RemoteAddrValve.java:54)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:130)
		at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:93)
		at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:660)
		at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:74)
		at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:346)
		at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:396)
		at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:63)
		at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:937)
		at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1791)
		at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:52)
		at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1190)
		at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:659)
		at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:63)
		at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:842)

Application:

@EnableScheduling()
@EnableCaching
@SpringBootApplication
@PWA(name = "Project Base for Vaadin with Spring", shortName = "Project Base")
@Theme("my-theme")

public class Application implements AppShellConfigurator {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }
}

POM

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <!-- Vaadin project from https://github.com/vaadin/skeleton-starter-flow-spring -->
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-skeleton</artifactId>
    <name>Project base for Spring Boot and Vaadin Flow</name>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
        <vaadin.version>23.3.33</vaadin.version>
        <!-- this parameter is needed as spring-boot bom overwrites it -->
        <selenium.version>4.16.1</selenium.version>
    </properties>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.18</version>
    </parent>

    <repositories>
        <!-- The order of definitions matters. Explicitly defining central here to make sure it has the highest priority. -->

        <!-- Main Maven repository -->
        <repository>
            <id>central</id>
            <url>https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
        <repository>
            <id>vaadin-prereleases</id>
            <url>
                https://maven.vaadin.com/vaadin-prereleases/
            </url>
        </repository>
        <!-- Repository used by many Vaadin add-ons -->
        <repository>
            <id>Vaadin Directory</id>
            <url>https://maven.vaadin.com/vaadin-addons</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

    <pluginRepositories>
        <!-- The order of definitions matters. Explicitly defining central here to make sure it has the highest priority. -->
        <pluginRepository>
            <id>central</id>
            <url>https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </pluginRepository>
        <pluginRepository>
            <id>vaadin-prereleases</id>
            <url>
                https://maven.vaadin.com/vaadin-prereleases/
            </url>
        </pluginRepository>
    </pluginRepositories>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.vaadin</groupId>
                <artifactId>vaadin-bom</artifactId>
                <version>${vaadin.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.vaadin</groupId>
            <!-- Replace artifactId with vaadin-core to use only free components -->
            <artifactId>vaadin</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.vaadin</groupId>
            <artifactId>vaadin-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.vaadin</groupId>
            <artifactId>vaadin-testbench</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Include JUnit 4 support for TestBench and others -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
                    <artifactId>hamcrest-core</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.github.bonigarcia</groupId>
            <artifactId>webdrivermanager</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-compress</artifactId>
            <version>1.21</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.vladimir-bukhtoyarov</groupId>
            <artifactId>bucket4j-core</artifactId>
            <version>4.10.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.24</version>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.vaadin.addons.componentfactory</groupId>
            <artifactId>vcf-pdf-viewer</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>seditech</groupId>
            <artifactId>pdf-editor</artifactId>
            <version>2.12.11-SNAPSHOT</version>
            <scope>system</scope>
            <systemPath>PATH to /pdf-editor-2.12.11-SNAPSHOT.jar</systemPath>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.vaadin.componentfactory</groupId>
            <artifactId>idle-notification</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
            <artifactId>core</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
            <artifactId>javase</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-text</artifactId>
            <version>1.9</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>net.sourceforge.tess4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>tess4j</artifactId>
            <version>5.7.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.tika</groupId>
            <artifactId>tika-parsers</artifactId>
            <version>1.28.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.vaadin.olli</groupId>
            <artifactId>file-download-wrapper</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/mysql/mysql-connector-java -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.27</version>
        </dependency>


        <!-- neue Versionen-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Spring Boot Starter Security: Provides Spring Security support -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-webflux -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.parttio</groupId>
            <artifactId>accessible-sortable-list</artifactId>
            <version>0.0.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>

            <groupId>com.wontlost</groupId>
            <artifactId>ckeditor-vaadin</artifactId>
            <version>3.2.1</version>
        </dependency>





        <!--        <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.vaadin.klaudeta</groupId>
                    <artifactId>quill-editor</artifactId>
                    <version>1.0.1</version>
                </dependency>

                <dependency>
                    <groupId>org.vaadin.addons.jhoffmann99</groupId>
                    <artifactId>trix-editor</artifactId>
                    <version>1.0.1</version>
                </dependency>
        -->


        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.microsoft.playwright/playwright -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.microsoft.playwright</groupId>
            <artifactId>playwright</artifactId>
            <version>1.49.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.vaadin.tarek</groupId>
            <artifactId>collapsible-splitlayout</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.0</version>
        </dependency>




    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <defaultGoal>spring-boot:run</defaultGoal>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <!-- Clean build and startup time for Vaadin apps sometimes may exceed
                     the default Spring Boot's 30sec timeout.  -->
                <configuration>
                    <jvmArguments>-Xdebug -Xrunjdwp:transport=dt_socket,server=y,suspend=n,address=5005</jvmArguments>
                    <wait>500</wait>
                    <maxAttempts>240</maxAttempts>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            <!--
                Take care of synchronizing java dependencies and imports in
                package.json and main.js files.
                It also creates webpack.config.js if not exists yet.
            -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>com.vaadin</groupId>
                <artifactId>vaadin-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${vaadin.version}</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>prepare-frontend</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>17</source>
                    <target>17</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <profiles>
        <profile>
            <!-- Production mode is activated using -Pproduction -->
            <id>production</id>
            <build>
                <plugins>
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>com.vaadin</groupId>
                        <artifactId>vaadin-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                        <version>${vaadin.version}</version>
                        <executions>
                            <execution>
                                <goals>
                                    <goal>build-frontend</goal>
                                </goals>
                                <phase>compile</phase>
                            </execution>
                        </executions>
                        <configuration>
                            <productionMode>true</productionMode>
                        </configuration>
                    </plugin>
                </plugins>
            </build>
        </profile>

        <profile>
            <id>it</id>
            <build>
                <plugins>
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                        <executions>
                            <execution>
                                <id>start-spring-boot</id>
                                <phase>pre-integration-test</phase>
                                <goals>
                                    <goal>start</goal>
                                </goals>
                            </execution>
                            <execution>
                                <id>stop-spring-boot</id>
                                <phase>post-integration-test</phase>
                                <goals>
                                    <goal>stop</goal>
                                </goals>
                            </execution>
                        </executions>
                    </plugin>

                    <!-- Runs the integration tests (*IT) after the server is started -->
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                        <artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
                        <executions>
                            <execution>
                                <goals>
                                    <goal>integration-test</goal>
                                    <goal>verify</goal>
                                </goals>
                            </execution>
                        </executions>
                        <configuration>
                            <trimStackTrace>false</trimStackTrace>
                            <enableAssertions>true</enableAssertions>
                        </configuration>
                    </plugin>
                </plugins>
            </build>
        </profile>

    </profiles>
</project>

I have spent the last couple of days on this and I got nowhere. I have worked through all of these google results

[mcollovati]

Looking at the issue description, it seems to me that the application is not compliant with Spring documentation setup for traditional WAR deployment:

• Application class does not extend SpringBootServletInitializer and override configure(SpringApplicationBuilder application) method
• the embedded servlet container dependency is not excluded

You can try to apply the above changes and see it they resolve the problem.

[AndreGlauserAtWork]

It is very annoying when problems get reported and then there is no follow up by the person posting the problem.
I have this same problem and looking for a solution. This log entry is appearing in my logs every few seconds.

[mshabarov]

@AndreGlauserAtWork have you tried #20878 (comment) , is it still an issue for you even with it?

[AndreGlauserAtWork]

@mshabarov I tried many things, I think I tried this, but ultimately I went with the solution in this post
https://vaadin.com/forum/t/java-lang-illegalstateexception-lookup-instance-is-not-found-in-vaadincontext/168591/17

This solution I think just hides the problem, rather than solving it, so I probably should go back and see if I can solve it some time. At this stage, I am given higher priority issues to solve, so my solution of blocking Hilla is what I had to go to production with.