DeltaDebugger#ddmin does not always find a 1-minimal output (as described here), in this particular case < > is returned, but <> also fails (with the same error, stacktrace, etc.) and is never checked.
I wrote a Jupyter notebook reproducing the error and demonstrating non-minimality. A smaller (maybe 1-minimal) example is generated further down using ddmin; it takes about 33s on my machine and reduces input size to about 700 characters.