add helper to disable viewset list detection #1064

docs/faq.rst

@@ -414,3 +414,28 @@ response is a binary blob without further details on its structure.
                     "Content-Disposition": "attachment; filename=out.bin",
                 },
             )
+
+My ``ViewSet`` ``list`` does not return a list, but a single object.
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Generally, it is bad practice to use a ``ViewSet.list`` method to return single object,
+because DRF specifically does a list conversion in the background for this method and only
+this method. Using ``ApiView`` or ``GenericAPIView`` for this use-case would be cleaner.
+
+However, if you insist on this behavior, you can circumvent the list detection by
+creating a one-off copy of your serializer and marking it as forced non-list.
+It is important to create a **copy** as
+:py:func:`@extend_schema_serializer <drf_spectacular.utils.extend_schema_serializer>`
+modifies the given serializer.
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    from drf_spectacular.helpers import forced_singular_serializer
+
+    class YourViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
+        serializer_class = SimpleSerializer
+        queryset = SimpleModel.objects.none()
+
+        @extend_schema(responses=forced_singular_serializer(SimpleSerializer))
+        def list(self):
+            pass

drf_spectacular/helpers.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from django.utils.module_loading import import_string
 
 
-def lazy_serializer(path):
+def lazy_serializer(path: str):
     """ simulate initiated object but actually load class and init on first usage """
 
     class LazySerializer:
@@ -28,3 +28,15 @@ def __repr__(self):
             return self.__getattr__('__repr__')()
 
     return LazySerializer
+
+
+def forced_singular_serializer(serializer_class):
+    from drf_spectacular.drainage import set_override
+    from drf_spectacular.utils import extend_schema_serializer
+
+    patched_serializer_class = type(serializer_class.__name__, (serializer_class,), {})
+
+    extend_schema_serializer(many=False)(patched_serializer_class)
+    set_override(patched_serializer_class, 'suppress_collision_warning', True)
+
+    return patched_serializer_class

drf_spectacular/plumbing.py

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
 from rest_framework.utils.serializer_helpers import ReturnDict, ReturnList
 from uritemplate import URITemplate
 
-from drf_spectacular.drainage import cache, error, warn
+from drf_spectacular.drainage import cache, error, get_override, warn
 from drf_spectacular.settings import spectacular_settings
 from drf_spectacular.types import (
     DJANGO_PATH_CONVERTER_MAPPING, OPENAPI_TYPE_MAPPING, PYTHON_TYPE_MAPPING, OpenApiTypes,
@@ -688,7 +688,11 @@ def __contains__(self, component):
         query_class = query_obj if inspect.isclass(query_obj) else query_obj.__class__
         registry_class = query_obj if inspect.isclass(registry_obj) else registry_obj.__class__
 
-        if query_class != registry_class:
+        suppress_collision_warning = (
+            get_override(registry_class, 'suppress_collision_warning', False)
+            or get_override(query_class, 'suppress_collision_warning', False)
+        )
+        if query_class != registry_class and not suppress_collision_warning:
             warn(
                 f'Encountered 2 components with identical names "{component.name}" and '
                 f'different classes {query_class} and {registry_class}. This will very '

tests/test_regressions.py

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 from rest_framework.views import APIView
 
 from drf_spectacular.extensions import OpenApiSerializerExtension
+from drf_spectacular.helpers import forced_singular_serializer
 from drf_spectacular.hooks import preprocess_exclude_path_format
 from drf_spectacular.openapi import AutoSchema
 from drf_spectacular.renderers import OpenApiJsonRenderer, OpenApiYamlRenderer
@@ -3014,7 +3015,7 @@ def test_slug_related_field_to_model_property(no_warnings):
     class M10(models.Model):
         @property
         def property_field(self) -> float:
-            return 42
+            return 42  # pragma: no cover
 
     class M11(models.Model):
         field = models.ForeignKey(M10, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
@@ -3183,3 +3184,31 @@ class X3ViewSet(X2ViewSet):
     assert '/x1/' not in schema['paths']
     assert '/x2/' in schema['paths']
     assert '/x3/' in schema['paths']
+
+
+def test_disable_viewset_list_handling_as_one_off(no_warnings):
+
+    class X1ViewSet(viewsets.ReadOnlyModelViewSet):
+        serializer_class = SimpleSerializer
+        queryset = SimpleModel.objects.none()
+
+        @extend_schema(responses=forced_singular_serializer(SimpleSerializer))
+        def list(self):
+            pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+    class X2ViewSet(viewsets.ReadOnlyModelViewSet):
+        serializer_class = SimpleSerializer
+        queryset = SimpleModel.objects.none()
+
+    schema1 = generate_schema('/x', X1ViewSet)
+    schema2 = generate_schema('/x', X2ViewSet)
+
+    # both list and retrieve are single-object
+    schema_list = get_response_schema(schema1['paths']['/x/']['get'])
+    schema_retrieve = get_response_schema(schema1['paths']['/x/{id}/']['get'])
+    assert schema_list == schema_retrieve == {'$ref': '#/components/schemas/Simple'}
+    # this patch does not bleed into other usages of the same serializer class
+    assert get_response_schema(schema2['paths']['/x/']['get']) == {
+        'type': 'array',
+        'items': {'$ref': '#/components/schemas/Simple'}
+    }