jdbc: support categorized exceptions and SQLSTATE codes

[Totktonada]

Return sqlStateSQL or sqlStateSQL99 (they are equal) from
DatabaseMetaData.getSQLStateType(). Now the value is 0, which is not correct.

Use SQLSTATE codes in SQLException where appropriate.

Use categorized SQL exceptions where possible:

• SQLNonTransientException
• SQLTransientException
• SQLRecoverableException

Consider also using of BatchUpdateException and SQLClientInfoException.

Test all this new stuff.

See also: https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/jdbc/basics/sqlexception.html

This issue is mostly optional (AFAIU), but DatabaseMetaData.getSQLStateType() should provide a correct value.