Hybrid Parallel AD Performance Improvements

[jblueh]

Proposed Changes

When accessing the adjoints, bounds checking acquires an internal lock in CoDiPack. This turned out to be a bottleneck in InitializeAdjoint and IterateDiscreteAdjoint. Therefore, we ensure sufficient size up front and skip the bounds checking.

Related Work

Previous work on hybrid parallel AD, like #1214, #1284, #1294.

PR Checklist

• I am submitting my contribution to the develop branch.
• My contribution generates no new compiler warnings (try with --warnlevel=3 when using meson).
• My contribution is commented and consistent with SU2 style (https://su2code.github.io/docs_v7/Style-Guide/).
• I have added a test case that demonstrates my contribution, if necessary.
• I have updated appropriate documentation (Tutorials, Docs Page, config_template.cpp), if necessary.