ISSUE-9028: [C++] PartitionedConsumerImpl send redeliverMessages repeatedly

[sijie]

Original Issue: apache#9028

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Describe the bug
Both PartitionedConsumerImpl and ConsumerImpl have member variable unAckedMessageTrackerPtr_ (class UnAckedMessageTrackerEnabled), and PartitionedConsumerImpl is composed of ConsumerImpl. If the acknowledgement times out, they will send redeliverMessages repeatedly, MultiTopicsConsumerImpl has same problem.

see apache#8606 (comment)

To Reproduce

1. subscribe a partitioned topic and set UnAckedMessagesTimeoutMs

Consumer consumer;
ConsumerConfiguration consumerConf;
consumerConf.setUnAckedMessagesTimeoutMs(11000);  // must >= 10000
consumerConf.setTickDurationInMs(11000);
Result result = client.subscribe("my-topic", "consumer-1", consumerConf, consumer);

2. recevie a msg from partitioned topic and not do acknowledge

Message msg;
consumer.recevie(msg)
sleep(20000);

3. sleep 20000ms to trigger redeliverMessages repeatedly

sleep(20000);

Expected behavior
Only one redeliverUnacknowledgedMessages should be sent in PartitionedConsumerImpl