Add runtime error tests

[jacinta-stacks]

I am not yet convinced that my reasoning about my untested variants is correct. Still looking into it. Especially the AST errors. Having a hard time reasoning out when those would trigger.

Replaces #6690

Closes #6695

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 0% with 780 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 28.50%. Comparing base (62fe5cb) to head (ce93756).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
stackslib/src/chainstate/tests/runtime_tests.rs	0.00%	515 Missing ⚠️
clarity/src/vm/database/clarity_db.rs	0.00%	74 Missing ⚠️
pox-locking/src/pox_4.rs	0.00%	66 Missing ⚠️
clarity/src/vm/contexts.rs	0.00%	60 Missing ⚠️
clarity/src/vm/variables.rs	0.00%	44 Missing ⚠️
clarity/src/vm/database/sqlite.rs	0.00%	12 Missing ⚠️
stackslib/src/chainstate/tests/consensus.rs	0.00%	7 Missing ⚠️
stackslib/src/chainstate/tests/parse_tests.rs	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️

❌ Your project check has failed because the head coverage (28.50%) is below the target coverage (80.00%). You can increase the head coverage or adjust the target coverage.

❗ There is a different number of reports uploaded between BASE (62fe5cb) and HEAD (ce93756). Click for more details.

HEAD has 49 uploads less than BASE

Flag	BASE (62fe5cb)	HEAD (ce93756)
	117	68

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff              @@
##           develop    #6698       +/-   ##
============================================
- Coverage    79.47%   28.50%   -50.97%     
============================================
  Files          577      578        +1     
  Lines       357469   358246      +777     
============================================
- Hits        284089   102124   -181965     
- Misses       73380   256122   +182742     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
clarity-types/src/types/mod.rs	47.95% <ø> (-47.86%)	⬇️
clarity/src/vm/costs/cost_functions.rs	59.64% <ø> (-40.36%)	⬇️
clarity/src/vm/functions/assets.rs	11.30% <ø> (-74.13%)	⬇️
stackslib/src/chainstate/tests/mod.rs	10.04% <ø> (-67.90%)	⬇️
stackslib/src/clarity_vm/database/marf.rs	43.11% <ø> (-15.96%)	⬇️
stackslib/src/chainstate/tests/parse_tests.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (-83.28%)	⬇️
stackslib/src/chainstate/tests/consensus.rs	0.00% <0.00%> (-96.30%)	⬇️
clarity/src/vm/database/sqlite.rs	58.02% <0.00%> (-23.84%)	⬇️
clarity/src/vm/variables.rs	46.15% <0.00%> (-47.18%)	⬇️
clarity/src/vm/contexts.rs	50.20% <0.00%> (-41.43%)	⬇️
... and 3 more

... and 507 files with indirect coverage changes

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