Add PHP 8.4 Support

[sweptsquash]

This pull request includes several updates to improve compatibility, enhance functionality, and fix issues in the project. The most important changes include adding support for new PHP versions, updating dependencies, and improving test coverage.

Compatibility and Dependency Updates:

• .github/workflows/run-tests.yml: Added PHP versions 8.3 and 8.4 to the test matrix to ensure compatibility with the latest PHP releases.
• composer.json: Updated the require and require-dev sections to support a wider range of PHP versions and package versions, ensuring compatibility with newer releases. Also moved the funding homepage and license fields for better organization. [1] [2] [3]

Code Improvements:

• src/Backtrace.php: Changed the $options variable to use DEBUG_BACKTRACE_PROVIDE_OBJECT as parameter doesn't accept null and throws deprecation warning on PHP 8.4 PHP Docs.
• src/Frame.php: Made the method and class parameters nullable in the constructor for better flexibility and fixing of deprecation warnings.

Test Enhancements:

• tests/BacktraceTest.php: Added conditional assertions to handle differences in PHP versions for methods involving closures (See PHP 8.4 changes), ensuring tests pass across different PHP versions. [1] [2]
• tests/ReduceArgumentsTest.php: Changed test data providers to be static methods, improving test organization and consistency. [1] [2]

[sweptsquash]

@freekmurze this PR should help provide some insight into the failed tests on the ray package.

[riasvdv]

Thanks!