Graph Plotter for Physics Exercises

A comprehensive tool to analyze and graph data from physics experiments using matplotlib, numpy, and pandas.

Features

This repository includes tools for:

1. Pendulum Experiments:

   • Analyze pendulum data to calculate the slope (( A )), intercept (( B )), gravity (( g )), and moment of inertia.
   • Generate graphs with regression lines and results.

2. Focal Length Calculation:

   • Calculate the focal length of lenses using data from physics experiments.
   • Perform graphical analysis to determine the focal length.
   • Includes additional comment print statements to display intermediate calculations for better understanding of the exercise.

3. Spring Force Analysis (Siły Sprężyste):

   • Method A: Analyze spring length vs. applied mass to determine spring constant using Hooke's law.
   • Method B: Study oscillation period vs. suspended mass to calculate spring constant.
   • Perform linear regression analysis and calculate uncertainties.
   • Generate comparative plots for both methods.

4. Thermocouple Analysis (Termopara):

   • Analyze thermocouple temperature measurements for different materials.
   • Study cooling curves and temperature dependencies.
   • Process data for water and Wood's alloy temperature measurements.
   • Generate temperature vs. time plots with analysis.

5. Diode Analysis (Diody):

   • Analyze diode characteristics and I-V curves.
   • Calculate diode parameters and perform regression analysis.
   • Generate characteristic plots for diode behavior analysis.

6. Signal Generator Analysis:

   • Analyze signal generator output characteristics.
   • Process frequency response and amplitude measurements.
   • Generate plots for signal analysis and characterization.

7. Amplifier Analysis (Wzmacniacz):

   • Analyze amplifier gain and frequency response.
   • Calculate amplification factors and bandwidth characteristics.
   • Multiple analysis versions available (standard, clean, improved).
   • Generate Bode plots and frequency response curves.

8. Thermal Resistance Analysis (TermOpor):

   • Analyze thermal resistance and temperature coefficient measurements.
   • Study temperature-dependent resistance characteristics.
   • Process thermal response data and generate analysis plots.

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How to Use the Tools

1. Prepare Your Data

• For Pendulum Experiments:

  • Ensure your data is stored in an Excel file (Pendulum.xlsx) with the following columns:
    • D: Distance from the center of weight (in meters).
    • t1: Start time for 40 oscillations (in seconds).
    • t2: End time for 40 oscillations (in seconds).

• For Focal Length Calculation:

  • Ensure your data is stored in an Excel file (focal-length.xlsx) with two sheets:
    • Sheet 1 (pomn): Data for the reduced image.
      • Columns: x1, x2, x3, x4, x5 (object distances), and y (image distances).
    • Sheet 2 (pow): Data for the magnified image.
      • Columns: x1, x2, x3, x4, x5 (object distances), and y (image distances).

• For Spring Force Analysis:

  • Ensure your data is stored in an Excel file (sily_sprezyste.xlsx) with two sheets:
    • Sheet 1 (MetodaA): Spring length vs. mass data.
      • Columns: L_0 (initial length in mm), M (mass in g), L (spring length in m).
    • Sheet 2 (MetodaB): Oscillation period vs. mass data.
      • Columns: M (mass in g), t1, t2 (time measurements in s), T (period in s).

• For Thermocouple Analysis:

  • Ensure your data is stored in an Excel file (Termopara.xlsx) with sheets for different materials:
    • Temperature measurements over time for various substances.
    • Data should include time and temperature columns for analysis.

• For Diode Analysis:

  • Ensure your data is stored in an Excel file with voltage and current measurements.
  • Data should include columns for applied voltage and measured current for I-V characteristic analysis.

• For Signal Generator Analysis:

  • Ensure your data is stored in an Excel file (Generator.xlsx) with frequency and amplitude measurements.
  • Data should include frequency response and signal characteristics for analysis.

• For Amplifier Analysis:

  • Ensure your data is stored in an Excel file (Wzmacniacz.xlsx) with gain and frequency measurements.
  • Data should include input/output voltage measurements and frequency response data.

• For Thermal Resistance Analysis:

  • Ensure your data is stored in an Excel file (TermOpor.xlsx) with temperature and resistance measurements.
  • Data should include temperature values and corresponding resistance measurements for analysis.

2. Install Dependencies

The project requires the following Python libraries:

• pyxdf
• matplotlib
• pyqt6
• numpy
• scipy
• pandas
• scikit-learn
• openpyxl
• pyedflib

Using uv (Recommended)

Install dependencies with uv:

uv sync

Using pip

Alternatively, install dependencies manually:

pip install pyxdf matplotlib pyqt6 numpy scipy pandas scikit-learn openpyxl pyedflib

3. Activate the Virtual Environment

• If you are using uv, the virtual environment is automatically managed.
• Otherwise, activate the virtual environment manually:

  • Linux/macOS:

    source ./.venv/bin/activate

  • Windows:

    .\.venv\Scripts\activate

4. Run the Scripts

• For Pendulum Experiments:

  python src/eeg/Pendulum.py

• For Focal Length Calculation:

  python src/eeg/focal_len.py

• For Spring Force Analysis:

  python src/eeg/sily_sprezyste.py

• For Thermocouple Analysis:

  python src/eeg/termopara.py

• For Diode Analysis:

  python src/eeg/diody.py

• For Signal Generator Analysis:

  python src/eeg/generator.py

• For Amplifier Analysis:

  python src/eeg/wzmacniacz.py

  Alternative versions:

  python src/eeg/wzmacniacz_clean.py
  python src/eeg/wzmacniacz_improved.py

• For Thermal Resistance Analysis:

  python src/eeg/termopor.py

5. View the Results

• Pendulum Experiments:

  • The script will calculate the slope (( A )), intercept (( B )), gravity (( g )), and moment of inertia with uncertainties.
  • It will display the results in the terminal and on a graph.

• Focal Length Calculation:

  • The script will calculate the focal length for both reduced and magnified images.
  • It will also perform graphical analysis to determine the focal length and display the results on a graph.
  • Additional print statements will show intermediate calculations, such as:
    • Average focal lengths for reduced and magnified images.
    • Graphically determined focal length and its uncertainty.

• Spring Force Analysis:

  • Method A: Calculates spring constant from spring length vs. mass relationship.
  • Method B: Calculates spring constant from oscillation period vs. mass relationship.
  • Displays regression statistics, spring constants, and uncertainties.
  • Generates plots showing data points, regression lines, and calculated results.

• Thermocouple Analysis:

  • Processes temperature vs. time data for different materials.
  • Calculates cooling rates and temperature dependencies.
  • Generates temperature curves and analysis plots.

• Diode Analysis:

  • Analyzes I-V characteristics of diodes.
  • Calculates diode parameters such as forward voltage and reverse saturation current.
  • Generates characteristic curves and regression analysis plots.

• Signal Generator Analysis:

  • Processes frequency response and amplitude characteristics.
  • Analyzes signal quality and distortion parameters.
  • Generates frequency response plots and signal analysis graphs.

• Amplifier Analysis:

  • Calculates amplification gain and frequency response.
  • Analyzes bandwidth and phase characteristics.
  • Generates Bode plots and frequency response curves.
  • Multiple analysis approaches available for different aspects of amplifier behavior.

• Thermal Resistance Analysis:

  • Analyzes temperature coefficient of resistance.
  • Calculates thermal response characteristics.
  • Generates temperature vs. resistance plots with regression analysis.

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Example Outputs

Pendulum Experiments

Command Line

Slope (A): 3.1046 ± 0.1059 s²/m 
Intercept (B): 0.3433 ± 0.0073 m·s² 
Gravity (g): 12.7161 ± 1.3466 m/s² 
Moment of Inertia: 0.0866 ± 0.0035 kg·m²

Graph

• The graph will display the data points, regression line, and the results in a text box.

Focal Length Calculation

Command Line

Średnia ogniskowa (obraz pomniejszony): 15.23 cm ± 0.12 cm
Średnia ogniskowa (obraz powiększony): 15.18 cm ± 0.10 cm
Graficznie wyznaczona ogniskowa: 15.20 cm ± 0.11 cm

Graph

• The graph will display:
  • Data points for reduced and magnified images.
  • Fitted regression lines for both datasets.
  • The intersection point representing the focal length.

Spring Force Analysis

Command Line

Statystyki regresji:
Nachylenie (a): 0.0098
Przecięcie (b): 0.1420
Niepewność standardowa u(a): 0.0012
Niepewność standardowa u(b): 0.0012

Nachylenie a (m/kg): 0.0098
Stała sprężyny k: 100.15 N/m
Niepewność stałej sprężyny u(k): 12.34 N/m
L_0 = 0.1400 m odpowiada przecięciu y b = 0.1420 ± 0.0036 m

Nachylenie a (s/kg): 0.6234
Średnia arytmetyczna stałej sprężyny k: 98.76 N/kg
Odchylenie standardowe stałej sprężyny: 3.45 N/kg
Niepewność okresu delta_T: 0.0200 s

Graphs

• Method A: Spring length vs. mass with regression line and spring constant calculation.
• Method B: Oscillation period vs. mass with regression analysis and spring constant determination.

Thermocouple Analysis

Command Line

Analiza danych termopary:
Temperatura początkowa wody: 85.2°C
Temperatura końcowa wody: 23.1°C
Szybkość chłodzenia: -0.52°C/min

Temperatura topienia stopu Wooda: 70.5°C ± 1.2°C
Czas stabilizacji temperatury: 15.3 min

Graphs

• Temperature vs. time curves for water cooling.
• Wood's alloy melting point analysis with plateau identification.

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Troubleshooting

• Excel File Issues:

  • Ensure your Excel file is formatted correctly and contains valid data.
  • Verify that the sheet names and column names match the expected format.
  • For spring force analysis, ensure MetodaA and MetodaB sheets exist with correct column names.
  • For thermocouple analysis, verify temperature and time data columns are properly formatted.

• Unit Conversion Issues:

  • Spring force analysis expects specific units: mass in grams, length in meters/millimeters as specified.
  • Thermocouple data should have temperature in Celsius and time in appropriate units.

• Data Format Issues:

  • Ensure numerical data doesn't contain text or missing values.
  • Check for consistent decimal separators (dots vs. commas) based on your system locale.

• Dependency Issues:

  • Verify that your Python environment is properly set up and all required libraries are installed.

• Virtual Environment:

  • Ensure the virtual environment is activated before running the scripts.

• Plot Display Issues:

  • If plots don't display, ensure you have a GUI backend for matplotlib installed.
  • On some systems, you may need to install additional packages for plot display.

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Generated Reports and Files

The project automatically generates LaTeX reports and plots for each experiment:

Reports Directory Structure

Reports/
├── Dioda/              # Diode analysis
│   ├── dioda.pdf       # Compiled LaTeX report
│   ├── dioda.tex       # LaTeX source
│   ├── Figure_1.png    # I-V characteristic plot
│   └── Figure_2.png    # Additional analysis plot
├── Generator/          # Signal generator analysis
│   ├── generator.pdf   # Compiled LaTeX report
│   ├── generator.tex   # LaTeX source
│   └── Generator.png   # Generator analysis plot
├── Ogniskowa/          # Focal length analysis
│   ├── ogniskowa.pdf   # Compiled LaTeX report
│   ├── ogniskowa.tex   # LaTeX source
│   ├── obraz_pom.png   # Reduced image plot
│   └── obraz_pow.png   # Magnified image plot
├── Pendulum/           # Pendulum experiments
│   ├── reportPendulum.pdf  # Compiled report
│   ├── reportPendulum.tex  # LaTeX source
│   └── pendulum.png        # Pendulum analysis plot
├── sily_sprezyste/     # Spring force analysis
│   ├── sily_sprezyste.pdf  # Compiled report
│   ├── sily_sprezyste.tex  # LaTeX source
│   ├── MetodaA.png         # Method A plot
│   └── MetodaB.png         # Method B plot
├── Template/           # LaTeX template files
│   ├── template.pdf    # Template document
│   ├── template.tex    # LaTeX template source
│   └── logaUR.pdf      # University logo
├── Termopara/          # Thermocouple analysis
│   ├── reportTermopara.pdf # Compiled report
│   ├── reportTermopara.tex # LaTeX source
│   ├── woda.png           # Water cooling plot
│   └── stopWooda.png      # Wood's alloy analysis plot
├── TermOpor/           # Thermal resistance analysis
│   ├── termopor.pdf    # Compiled LaTeX report
│   ├── termopor.tex    # LaTeX source
│   └── termOpor.png    # Thermal resistance plot
└── Wzmacniacz/         # Amplifier analysis
    ├── wzmacniacz.pdf  # Compiled LaTeX report
    ├── wzmacniacz.tex  # LaTeX source
    ├── wzmacniacz.png  # Standard amplifier plot
    ├── wzmacniaczImpr.png # Improved analysis plot
    ├── wykresy osobno.png # Separate plots
    └── analiza_wyniki.txt # Analysis results text file

Data Files

All experimental data is stored in the data/ directory:

• Pendulum.xlsx - Pendulum experiment data
• focal-length.xlsx - Lens focal length measurements
• sily_sprezyste.xlsx - Spring force analysis data (Methods A & B)
• Termopara.xlsx - Thermocouple temperature measurements
• Generator.xlsx - Signal generator analysis data
• Wzmacniacz.xlsx - Amplifier analysis measurements
• TermOpor.xlsx - Thermal resistance measurement data

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Additional Notes

• This tool is designed for educational purposes and assumes the input data follows the expected format.
• Contributions and suggestions for improvement are welcome!