Kindcontainer

A Java-based Testcontainers container implementation that provides ephemeral Kubernetes clusters for integration testing.

• Kindcontainer
• Container Flavors
• Usage
  • Add dependency
    • Maven
    • Gradle
  • Use in JUnit 4 test
    • With KindContainer
    • With K3sContainer
    • With ApiServerContainer
• Quick guides
  • Running different versions of Kubernetes
  • Using the kubectl and helm fluent APIs
  • Using custom docker images
    • Kubernetes images
    • kubectl and helm images for fluent APIs
    • etcd image for ApiServerContainer
    • sshd and nginx image for webhook testing
  • Testing admission webhooks
• Examples

Container Flavors

The Kindcontainer libraries offers three different Kubernetes container implementations:

• ApiServerContainer
• K3sContainer
• KindContainer

While ApiServerContainer (as the name suggests) starts only a Kubernetes API Server (plus the required etcd), both K3sContainer and KindContainer are feature rich Kubernetes containers that can e.g. spin up Pods and even provision PersistentVolumes.

Usage

Add dependency

First you need to add the Kindcontainer dependency to your build. Kindcontainer is available on maven central.

Maven

Add the Kindcontainer dependency:

<project>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.dajudge.kindcontainer</groupId>
            <artifactId>kindcontainer</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.0</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

Gradle

Add the Kindcontainer dependency:

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
    testImplementation "com.dajudge.kindcontainer:kindcontainer:1.4.0"
}

Use in JUnit 4 test

Once you have the Kindcontainer dependency configured you can create JUnit test case easily.

With KindContainer

public class SomeKindTest {
    @ClassRule
    public static final KindContainer<?> KUBE = new KindContainer<>();

    @Test
    public void verify_node_is_present() {
        // Create a fabric8 client and use it!
        try (KubernetesClient client = new DefaultKubernetesClient(fromKubeconfig(KUBE.getKubeconfig()))) {
            assertEquals(1, client.nodes().list().getItems().size());
        }
    }
}

Look here for the reference test.

With K3sContainer

public class SomeK3sTest {
    @ClassRule
    public static final K3sContainer<?> K3S = new K3sContainer<>();

    @Test
    public void verify_node_is_present() {
        // Create a fabric8 client and use it!
        try (KubernetesClient client = new DefaultKubernetesClient(fromKubeconfig(K3S.getKubeconfig()))) {
            assertEquals(1, client.nodes().list().getItems().size());
        }
    }
}

Look here for the reference test.

With ApiServerContainer

If you don't need a full-fledged Kubernetes distribution for your testing, using the ApiServerContainer might be an option for you that shaves off a lot of the startup overhead of the KindContainer. The ApiServerContainer only starts a Kubernetes API-Server (and the required etcd), which can already be enough if all you want to test is if your custom controller/operator handles its CRDs properly or creates the required objects in the control plane.

public class SomeApiServerTest {
    @ClassRule
    public static final ApiServerContainer<?> KUBE = new ApiServerContainer<>();

    @Test
    public void verify_no_node_is_present() {
        // Create a fabric8 client and use it!
        try (KubernetesClient client = new DefaultKubernetesClient(fromKubeconfig(KUBE.getKubeconfig()))) {
            assertTrue(client.nodes().list().getItems().isEmpty());
        }
    }
}

Look here for the reference test.

Quick guides

Here's a couple challenges frequently seen in the wild and how you can solve them with Kindcontainer.

Running different versions of Kubernetes

Kindcontainer supports running different (selected and tested) versions of Kubernetes. The default version is the latest supported stable version for each container. You can change the version by passing a version enum to the constructor. The following example illustrates this process for the KindContainer implementation, but it works analogous for the other two containers as well.

KindContainer<?> container=new KindContainer<>(KindContainerVersion.VERSION_1_24_1);

Using the kubectl and helm fluent APIs

Kindcontainer makes it easy to perform common tasks either during setup of the container or later on during the test by offering fluent APIs to the kubectl and helm commands.

If you're acquainted with the kubectl and helm commands, you'll feel right at home with the fluent APIs in no time.

You can use them directly during container instantiation like this:

// Kubectl example
public class SomeKubectlTest {
    @ClassRule
    public static final ApiServerContainer<?> KUBE = new ApiServerContainer<>()
            .withKubectl(kubectl -> {
                kubectl.apply
                        .fileFromClasspath("manifests/serviceaccount1.yaml")
                        .run();
            });
}

// Helm3 example
public class SomeHelmTest {
    @ClassRule
    public static final KindContainer<?> KUBE = new KindContainer<>()
            .withHelm3(helm -> {
                helm.repo.add.run("mittwald", "https://helm.mittwald.de");
                helm.repo.update.run();
                helm.install
                        .namespace("kubernetes-replicator")
                        .createNamespace()
                        .run("kubernetes-replicator", "mittwald/kubernetes-replicator");
            });
}

The fluent APIs are far from complete, but they cover the most common use cases. If you're missing a command, feel free to open an issue or even better, a pull request.

Using custom docker images

In some environments it might be necessary to use custom docker images for the containers Kindcontainer starts.

Attention: You need to make sure that the images you are using are compatible with the images used by kindcontainer by default. These are the images used by Kindcontainer if you don't override them:

Purpose	Image	Version
ApiServerContainer	registry.k8s.io/kube-apiserver	v${major}.${minor}.${patch}
K3sContainer	rancher/k3s	v${major}.${minor}.${patch}-k3s1
KindContainer	kindest/node	v${major}.${minor}.${patch}
etcd	registry.k8s.io/etcd	3.4.13-0
Fluent API helm	alpine/helm	3.14.0
Fluent API kubectl	bitnami/kubectl	1.21.9-debian-10-r10
Webhooks nginx	nginx	1.23.3
Webhooks OpenSSH Server	linuxserver/openssh-server	9.0_p1-r2-ls99

Kubernetes images

You can customize the docker image of the Kubernetes container you're starting. This can be by suffixing the kubernetes version you want to run with a call to withImage() like this:

KindContainer<?> container = new KindContainer<>(KindContainerVersion.VERSION_1_24_1.withImage("my-registry.com/kind:1.24.1"));

kubectl and helm images for fluent APIs

The fluent APIs for helm and kubectl are implemented using support containers. To customize which images are being used to start those support containers you can use the withKubectlImage() and withHelm3Image() methods:

K3sContainer<?> container = new K3sContainer<>()
        .withKubectlImage(DockerImageName.parse("my-registry/kubectl:1.21.9-debian-10-r10"))
        .withHelm3Image(DockerImageName.parse("my-registry/helm:3.7.2"));

etcd image for ApiServerContainer

ApiServerContainer has a hard dependency on etcd that's started in a separate container. To customize which image is being used to start that support container use method withEtcdImage():

ApiServerContainer<?> container = new ApiServerContainer<>().withEtcdImage(DockerImageName.parse("my-registry.com/etcd:.4.13-0"));

sshd and nginx image for webhook testing

Testing dynamic admission control webhooks requires support containers with nginx and sshd. To customize which images are being used to start those support containers use the withNginxImage() and withOpensshServerImage() methods.

ApiServerContainer<?> container = new ApiServerContainer()
        .withNginxImage(DockerImageName.parse("my-registry/nginx:1.23.3"))
        .withOpensshServerImage(DockerImageName.parse("my-registry/openssh-server:9.0_p1-r2-ls99"));

Testing admission webhooks

You can use Kindcontainer to test your admission controllers.

• Make sure you start your webhooks before you start the Kindcontainer
• Start your webhooks without HTTPS/TLS
• Make sure your webhooks listen at http://localhost:<port>
• Register each webhook with withAdmissionController()

Example:

ApiServerContainer<?> container = new ApiServerContainer().withAdmissionController(admission -> {
          admission.validating()    // use mutating() for a mutating admission controller
            .withNewWebhook("validating.kindcontainer.dajudge.com")
              .atPort(webhookPort)
              .withNewRule()
                .withApiGroups("")
                .withApiVersions("v1")
                .withOperations("CREATE", "UPDATE")
                .withResources("configmaps")
                .withScope("Namespaced")
              .endRule()
            .endWebhook()
            .build();
        })

Examples

You can find examples in the kindcontainer-examples repository.