Add Dockerfile that sets up sage prerequisites on Arch Linux

[mkoeppe]

This is to take the guesswork out of supporting sage on Arch for the sage developers.

Starting point: https://hub.docker.com/_/archlinux/

Part of #29060

Depends on #29053

CC: @antonio-rojas @isuruf @dimpase @videlec

Component: docker

Reviewer: Dima Pasechnik

Issue created by migration from https://trac.sagemath.org/ticket/29066

[mkoeppe]

Branch: u/mkoeppe/add_dockerfile_that_sets_up_sage_prerequisites_on_arch_linux

[mkoeppe]

Changed branch from u/mkoeppe/add_dockerfile_that_sets_up_sage_prerequisites_on_arch_linux to none

[mkoeppe]

comment:4

At #29053, I have a dockerfile generator that handles archlinux too

[mkoeppe]

Dependencies: #29053

[mkoeppe]

comment:5

#29053 takes care of it - needs review

[fchapoton]

comment:6

can we close this one ?

[dimpase]

Reviewer: Dima Pasechnik