Deep recursion issues in the compiler

As suggested by @abonander, this is an issue to track deep recursion issues in the compiler.

• Recursion in HIR expression lowering may lead to stack overflow
  Related issue(s): 1000 fields + #derive(PartialEq) => stack overflow at compile time #40119

• Taking too many references to a value causes compiler stack overflow
  Related issue(s): Taking many (500+) references to a value causes compiler stack overflow #40253
  Note: pending, is that actually an issue or a desired behavior?

[eddyb]

cc #41884 as a potentially general solution.

[varkor]

This issue is also relevant: #34844, and this: #32594.