Should have a stack-probe test that doesn't need std's overflow handler

[workingjubilee]

Many platforms need to ignore stack-probes.rs simply because they cannot emit the right lines of text. I think testing std's stack overflow handler and its messaging should be distinguished from the possibly more critical question of "well, do we have stack probes or not?"

See:

• Enable segfault / bus error handlers on more UNIX platforms #25872
• android: stdlib stack overflow handlers are not installed #124823
• Make more of the test suite run on Mac Catalyst #125226