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raster() in raster@5af5223 (current master) lost CRS compatibility with PROJ>=6/GDAL 3 #164

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florisvdh opened this issue Sep 15, 2020 · 6 comments
Closed

raster() in raster@5af5223 (current master) lost CRS compatibility with PROJ>=6/GDAL 3 #164

florisvdh opened this issue Sep 15, 2020 · 6 comments

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@florisvdh
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This issue seems to be related with #78.

While using below libraries:

> rgdal::rgdal_extSoftVersion()
          GDAL GDAL_with_GEOS           PROJ             sp 
       "3.0.4"         "TRUE"        "6.3.1"        "1.4-2" 
> sf::sf_extSoftVersion()
          GEOS           GDAL         proj.4 GDAL_with_GEOS     USE_PROJ_H 
       "3.8.0"        "3.0.4"        "6.3.1"         "true"         "true"

... and trying to implement PROJ>=6 compliant CRS specifications according to the new approaches for sp or sf (see below code - i.e. avoiding the hardcoding of PROJ.4 strings):

  • raster() in raster 3.3-13 (from CRAN) can cope with the CRS in the below example (although based on the rgdal warning I'm not sure if this would hold in general)
  • raster() in raster@5af5223 (current master) returns crs: NA. This may also be the reason why raster::writeRaster() refused to succeed on the resulting raster object (not shown here)

Related question, because I noticed that terra is built around PROJ>=6/GDAL3: is it intended to support PROJ>=6/GDAL3 in raster, or should users actually migrate to terra? For Windows users, the new PROJ>=6/GDAL3 are now bundled in the CRAN binary of rgdal, so this seems quite relevant.

Maybe I see some things wrong @rhijmans @rsbivand.

Code & output for raster@5af5223 (current master)

library(raster)
#> Loading required package: sp
raster(extent(188500, 190350, 227550, 229550),
       res = 50,
       crs = CRS(SRS_string = "EPSG:31370"))
#> Warning in showSRID(SRS_string, format = "PROJ", multiline = "NO"): Discarded
#> datum Reseau_National_Belge_1972 in CRS definition
#> class      : RasterLayer 
#> dimensions : 40, 37, 1480  (nrow, ncol, ncell)
#> resolution : 50, 50  (x, y)
#> extent     : 188500, 190350, 227550, 229550  (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
#> crs        : NA

raster(extent(188500, 190350, 227550, 229550),
       res = 50,
       crs = sf::st_crs(31370)$proj4string)
#> Warning in showSRID(uprojargs, format = "PROJ", multiline = "NO"): Discarded datum Unknown based on International 1909 (Hayford) ellipsoid in CRS definition,
#>  but +towgs84= values preserved
#> class      : RasterLayer 
#> dimensions : 40, 37, 1480  (nrow, ncol, ncell)
#> resolution : 50, 50  (x, y)
#> extent     : 188500, 190350, 227550, 229550  (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
#> crs        : NA

Created on 2020-09-15 by the reprex package (v0.3.0)

Session info 
devtools::session_info()
#> ─ Session info ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>  setting  value                       
#>  version  R version 4.0.2 (2020-06-22)
#>  os       Linux Mint 20               
#>  system   x86_64, linux-gnu           
#>  ui       X11                         
#>  language nl_BE:nl                    
#>  collate  nl_BE.UTF-8                 
#>  ctype    nl_BE.UTF-8                 
#>  tz       Europe/Brussels             
#>  date     2020-09-15                  
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#>  backports     1.1.9   2020-08-24 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)                  
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#>  R6            2.4.1   2019-11-12 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)                  
#>  raster      * 3.3-15  2020-09-15 [1] Github (rspatial/raster@5af5223)
#>  Rcpp          1.0.5   2020-07-06 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)                  
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#>  reprex        0.3.0   2019-05-16 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)                  
#>  rgdal         1.5-16  2020-08-07 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)                  
#>  rlang         0.4.7   2020-07-09 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)                  
#>  rmarkdown     2.3     2020-06-18 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)                  
#>  rprojroot     1.3-2   2018-01-03 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)                  
#>  sessioninfo   1.1.1   2018-11-05 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)                  
#>  sf            0.9-5   2020-07-14 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)                  
#>  sp          * 1.4-2   2020-05-20 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)                  
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#>  vctrs         0.3.4   2020-08-29 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)                  
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#>  yaml          2.2.1   2020-02-01 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)                  
#> 
#> [1] /home/floris/lib/R/library
#> [2] /usr/local/lib/R/site-library
#> [3] /usr/lib/R/site-library
#> [4] /usr/lib/R/library

Code & output for raster 3.3-13 (current version on CRAN)

library(raster)
#> Loading required package: sp
raster(extent(188500, 190350, 227550, 229550),
       res = 50,
       crs = CRS(SRS_string = "EPSG:31370"))
#> Warning in showSRID(SRS_string, format = "PROJ", multiline = "NO"): Discarded
#> datum Reseau_National_Belge_1972 in CRS definition
#> class      : RasterLayer 
#> dimensions : 40, 37, 1480  (nrow, ncol, ncell)
#> resolution : 50, 50  (x, y)
#> extent     : 188500, 190350, 227550, 229550  (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
#> crs        : +proj=lcc +lat_0=90 +lon_0=4.36748666666667 +lat_1=51.1666672333333 +lat_2=49.8333339 +x_0=150000.013 +y_0=5400088.438 +ellps=intl +units=m +no_defs

raster(extent(188500, 190350, 227550, 229550),
       res = 50,
       crs = sf::st_crs(31370)$proj4string)
#> Warning in showSRID(uprojargs, format = "PROJ", multiline = "NO"): Discarded datum Unknown based on International 1909 (Hayford) ellipsoid in CRS definition,
#>  but +towgs84= values preserved
#> class      : RasterLayer 
#> dimensions : 40, 37, 1480  (nrow, ncol, ncell)
#> resolution : 50, 50  (x, y)
#> extent     : 188500, 190350, 227550, 229550  (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
#> crs        : +proj=lcc +lat_0=90 +lon_0=4.36748666666667 +lat_1=51.1666672333333 +lat_2=49.8333339 +x_0=150000.013 +y_0=5400088.438 +ellps=intl +towgs84=-99.059,53.322,-112.486,0.419,-0.83,1.885,-1 +units=m +no_defs

Created on 2020-09-15 by the reprex package (v0.3.0)

Session info 
devtools::session_info()
#> ─ Session info ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>  setting  value                       
#>  version  R version 4.0.2 (2020-06-22)
#>  os       Linux Mint 20               
#>  system   x86_64, linux-gnu           
#>  ui       X11                         
#>  language nl_BE:nl                    
#>  collate  nl_BE.UTF-8                 
#>  ctype    nl_BE.UTF-8                 
#>  tz       Europe/Brussels             
#>  date     2020-09-15                  
#> 
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#>  class         7.3-17  2020-04-26 [4] CRAN (R 4.0.0)
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#>  evaluate      0.14    2019-05-28 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#>  fansi         0.4.1   2020-01-08 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#>  fs            1.5.0   2020-07-31 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
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#>  htmltools     0.5.0   2020-06-16 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#>  KernSmooth    2.23-17 2020-04-26 [4] CRAN (R 4.0.0)
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#>  raster      * 3.3-13  2020-07-17 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
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#>  remotes       2.2.0   2020-07-21 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#>  reprex        0.3.0   2019-05-16 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#>  rgdal         1.5-16  2020-08-07 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#>  rlang         0.4.7   2020-07-09 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#>  rmarkdown     2.3     2020-06-18 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
#>  rprojroot     1.3-2   2018-01-03 [1] CRAN (R 4.0.2)
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#> 
#> [1] /home/floris/lib/R/library
#> [2] /usr/local/lib/R/site-library
#> [3] /usr/lib/R/site-library
#> [4] /usr/lib/R/library
@rhijmans
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rhijmans commented Sep 15, 2020 •
edited
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There was a bug in the development version, thank you for reporting it. You can now do

library(raster)
raster(crs = "EPSG:31370")

#class      : RasterLayer 
#dimensions : 180, 360, 64800  (nrow, ncol, ncell)
#resolution : 1, 1  (x, y)
#extent     : -180, 180, -90, 90  (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
#crs        : +proj=lcc +lat_0=90 +lon_0=4.36748666666667 +lat_1=51.1666672333333 +lat_2=49.8333339 +x_0=150000.013 +y_0=5400088.438 +ellps=intl +units=m +no_defs

Or the equivalent:

raster(crs = 31370)
raster(crs = CRS(SRS_string="EPSG:31370"))

@rsbivand
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For raster origin/master 5af5223, R CMD check fails:

> ### Name: Summary-methods
> ### Title: Summary methods
> ### Aliases: Summary-methods mean,Raster-method median,Raster-method
> ###   Summary,Raster-method
> ### Keywords: methods spatial
> 
> ### ** Examples
> 
> r1 <- raster(nrow=10, ncol=10)
> r1 <- setValues(r1, runif(ncell(r1)))
> r2 <- setValues(r1, runif(ncell(r1)))
> r3 <- setValues(r1, runif(ncell(r1)))
> r <- max(r1, r2, r3)
Error in CRS(SRS_string = x) : NA

but still fails R CMD check with 542380a in the same way with sp devel (github, rsbivand/sp, also devel rgdal, rev. 1065). In .getCRS(), CRS(SRS_string = x) fails when x == "".

Shall I fix this in sp, or is this on the raster side? The same failure occurs for released sp and rgdal.

For released 3.3-13, you should look at the wkt() of the "CRS" object, similarly for the "crs" object in sf:

> r2 <- raster(extent(188500, 190350, 227550, 229550), res = 50, crs = sf::st_crs(31370)$wkt)
Warning message:
In showSRID(SRS_string, format = "PROJ", multiline = "NO", prefer_proj = prefer_proj) :
  Discarded datum Reseau National Belge 1972 in CRS definition
> cat(wkt(r2), "\n")
PROJCRS["Belge 1972 / Belgian Lambert 72",
    BASEGEOGCRS["Belge 1972",
        DATUM["Reseau National Belge 1972",
            ELLIPSOID["International 1924",6378388,297,
                LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],
        PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
        ID["EPSG",4313]],
    CONVERSION["Belgian Lambert 72",
        METHOD["Lambert Conic Conformal (2SP)",
            ID["EPSG",9802]],
        PARAMETER["Latitude of false origin",90,
            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
            ID["EPSG",8821]],
        PARAMETER["Longitude of false origin",4.36748666666667,
            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
            ID["EPSG",8822]],
        PARAMETER["Latitude of 1st standard parallel",51.1666672333333,
            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
            ID["EPSG",8823]],
        PARAMETER["Latitude of 2nd standard parallel",49.8333339,
            ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
            ID["EPSG",8824]],
        PARAMETER["Easting at false origin",150000.013,
            LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],
            ID["EPSG",8826]],
        PARAMETER["Northing at false origin",5400088.438,
            LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],
            ID["EPSG",8827]]],
    CS[Cartesian,2],
        AXIS["easting (X)",east,
            ORDER[1],
            LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],
        AXIS["northing (Y)",north,
            ORDER[2],
            LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],
    USAGE[
        SCOPE["unknown"],
        AREA["Belgium - onshore"],
        BBOX[49.5,2.5,51.51,6.4]],
    ID["EPSG",31370]]

I'm running with devel sp (github rsbivand/sp), and rgdal (R-Forge, rev. 1065), but in general, look for the WKT2 string. The proj4string components are present in sf/SP/rgdal to permit those with PROJ < 6 & GDAL < 3 to continue their work.

rhijmans added a commit that referenced this issue Sep 15, 2020
@rhijmans
fixes R CMD check probelem in #164
c9f4464
@rhijmans
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Thanks Roger, the raster R CMD check / CRS(SRS_string = "") problem is fixed now.

I think it would be reasonable if CRS(SRS_string = "") returned a "NA CRS", just like CRS("")

rsbivand added a commit to rsbivand/sp that referenced this issue Sep 15, 2020
@rsbivand
CRS(SRS_string="") now works, rspatial/raster#164
16dc9bc
@rsbivand rsbivand mentioned this issue Sep 15, 2020
Merged
@florisvdh
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florisvdh commented Sep 15, 2020 •
edited
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Thanks for the quick follow-up!

@rhijmans the new features to use the CRS are great! 🚀 🎉 All these methods work now with current master (c9f4464):

raster(crs = 31370)
raster(crs = "EPSG:31370")
raster(crs = CRS(SRS_string = "EPSG:31370"))
raster(crs = wkt(CRS(SRS_string = "EPSG:31370")))
raster(crs = sf::st_crs(31370)$wkt)
raster(crs = sf::st_crs(31370)$proj4string) # not preferred
Output 
library(raster)
#> Loading required package: sp
raster(crs = 31370)
#> Warning in showSRID(SRS_string, format = "PROJ", multiline = "NO"): Discarded
#> datum Reseau_National_Belge_1972 in CRS definition
#> class      : RasterLayer 
#> dimensions : 180, 360, 64800  (nrow, ncol, ncell)
#> resolution : 1, 1  (x, y)
#> extent     : -180, 180, -90, 90  (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
#> crs        : +proj=lcc +lat_0=90 +lon_0=4.36748666666667 +lat_1=51.1666672333333 +lat_2=49.8333339 +x_0=150000.013 +y_0=5400088.438 +ellps=intl +units=m +no_defs
raster(crs = "EPSG:31370")
#> Warning in showSRID(SRS_string, format = "PROJ", multiline = "NO"): Discarded
#> datum Reseau_National_Belge_1972 in CRS definition
#> class      : RasterLayer 
#> dimensions : 180, 360, 64800  (nrow, ncol, ncell)
#> resolution : 1, 1  (x, y)
#> extent     : -180, 180, -90, 90  (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
#> crs        : +proj=lcc +lat_0=90 +lon_0=4.36748666666667 +lat_1=51.1666672333333 +lat_2=49.8333339 +x_0=150000.013 +y_0=5400088.438 +ellps=intl +units=m +no_defs
raster(crs = CRS(SRS_string = "EPSG:31370"))
#> Warning in showSRID(SRS_string, format = "PROJ", multiline = "NO"): Discarded
#> datum Reseau_National_Belge_1972 in CRS definition
#> class      : RasterLayer 
#> dimensions : 180, 360, 64800  (nrow, ncol, ncell)
#> resolution : 1, 1  (x, y)
#> extent     : -180, 180, -90, 90  (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
#> crs        : +proj=lcc +lat_0=90 +lon_0=4.36748666666667 +lat_1=51.1666672333333 +lat_2=49.8333339 +x_0=150000.013 +y_0=5400088.438 +ellps=intl +units=m +no_defs
raster(crs = wkt(CRS(SRS_string = "EPSG:31370")))
#> Warning in showSRID(SRS_string, format = "PROJ", multiline = "NO"): Discarded
#> datum Reseau_National_Belge_1972 in CRS definition

#> Warning in showSRID(SRS_string, format = "PROJ", multiline = "NO"): Discarded
#> datum Reseau_National_Belge_1972 in CRS definition
#> class      : RasterLayer 
#> dimensions : 180, 360, 64800  (nrow, ncol, ncell)
#> resolution : 1, 1  (x, y)
#> extent     : -180, 180, -90, 90  (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
#> crs        : +proj=lcc +lat_0=90 +lon_0=4.36748666666667 +lat_1=51.1666672333333 +lat_2=49.8333339 +x_0=150000.013 +y_0=5400088.438 +ellps=intl +units=m +no_defs
raster(crs = sf::st_crs(31370)$wkt)
#> Warning in showSRID(SRS_string, format = "PROJ", multiline = "NO"): Discarded
#> datum Reseau_National_Belge_1972 in CRS definition
#> class      : RasterLayer 
#> dimensions : 180, 360, 64800  (nrow, ncol, ncell)
#> resolution : 1, 1  (x, y)
#> extent     : -180, 180, -90, 90  (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
#> crs        : +proj=lcc +lat_0=90 +lon_0=4.36748666666667 +lat_1=51.1666672333333 +lat_2=49.8333339 +x_0=150000.013 +y_0=5400088.438 +ellps=intl +towgs84=-99.059,53.322,-112.486,0.419,-0.83,1.885,-1 +units=m +no_defs
raster(crs = sf::st_crs(31370)$proj4string) # not preferred
#> Warning in showSRID(uprojargs, format = "PROJ", multiline = "NO"): Discarded datum Unknown based on International 1909 (Hayford) ellipsoid in CRS definition,
#>  but +towgs84= values preserved
#> class      : RasterLayer 
#> dimensions : 180, 360, 64800  (nrow, ncol, ncell)
#> resolution : 1, 1  (x, y)
#> extent     : -180, 180, -90, 90  (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
#> crs        : +proj=lcc +lat_0=90 +lon_0=4.36748666666667 +lat_1=51.1666672333333 +lat_2=49.8333339 +x_0=150000.013 +y_0=5400088.438 +ellps=intl +towgs84=-99.059,53.322,-112.486,0.419,-0.83,1.885,-1 +units=m +no_defs

Created on 2020-09-15 by the reprex package (v0.3.0)

Session info 
devtools::session_info()
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@rsbivand thanks for the hint on using wkt() in raster. It does not work with the CRAN release though (see below), but it does work with current master (c9f4464), see above. Note that it generates an extra proj4string-warning compared to the other solutions, probably because wkt() triggers one as well.

wkt not accepted in raster 3.3-13 (CRAN) 
library(raster)
#> Loading required package: sp
raster(extent(188500, 190350, 227550, 229550), 
       res = 50,
       crs = wkt(CRS(SRS_string = "EPSG:31370")))
#> Warning in showSRID(SRS_string, format = "PROJ", multiline = "NO"): Discarded
#> datum Reseau_National_Belge_1972 in CRS definition
#> Error in CRS(x): PROJ4 argument-value pairs must begin with +: PROJCRS["Belge 1972 / Belgian Lambert 72",
#>     BASEGEOGCRS["Belge 1972",
#>         DATUM["Reseau National Belge 1972",
#>             ELLIPSOID["International 1924",6378388,297,
#>                 LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],
#>         PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
#>             ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
#>         ID["EPSG",4313]],
#>     CONVERSION["Belgian Lambert 72",
#>         METHOD["Lambert Conic Conformal (2SP)",
#>             ID["EPSG",9802]],
#>         PARAMETER["Latitude of false origin",90,
#>             ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
#>             ID["EPSG",8821]],
#>         PARAMETER["Longitude of false origin",4.36748666666667,
#>             ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
#>             ID["EPSG",8822]],
#>         PARAMETER["Latitude of 1st standard parallel",51.1666672333333,
#>             ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
#>             ID["EPSG",8823]],
#>         PARAMETER["Latitude of 2nd standard parallel",49.8333339,
#>             ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
#>             ID["EPSG",8824]],
#>         PARAMETER["Easting at false origin",150000.013,
#>             LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],
#>             ID["EPSG",8826]],
#>         PARAMETER["Northing at false origin",5400088.438,
#>             LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],
#>             ID["EPSG",8827]],
#>         ID["EPSG",19961]],
#>     CS[Cartesian,2],
#>         AXIS["(E)",east,
#>             ORDER[1],
#>             LENGTHUNIT["metre",1,
#>                 ID["EPSG",9001]]],
#>         AXIS["(N)",north,
#>             ORDER[2],
#>             LENGTHUNIT["metre",1,
#>                 ID["EPSG",9001]]],
#>     USAGE[
#>         SCOPE["unknown"],
#>         AREA["Belgium - onshore"],
#>         BBOX[49.5,2.5,51.51,6.4]]]

raster(extent(188500, 190350, 227550, 229550),
       res = 50, 
       crs = sf::st_crs(31370)$wkt)
#> Error in CRS(x): PROJ4 argument-value pairs must begin with +: PROJCRS["Belge 1972 / Belgian Lambert 72",
#>     BASEGEOGCRS["Belge 1972",
#>         DATUM["Reseau National Belge 1972",
#>             ELLIPSOID["International 1924",6378388,297,
#>                 LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]]],
#>         PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
#>             ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433]],
#>         ID["EPSG",4313]],
#>     CONVERSION["Belgian Lambert 72",
#>         METHOD["Lambert Conic Conformal (2SP)",
#>             ID["EPSG",9802]],
#>         PARAMETER["Latitude of false origin",90,
#>             ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
#>             ID["EPSG",8821]],
#>         PARAMETER["Longitude of false origin",4.36748666666667,
#>             ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
#>             ID["EPSG",8822]],
#>         PARAMETER["Latitude of 1st standard parallel",51.1666672333333,
#>             ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
#>             ID["EPSG",8823]],
#>         PARAMETER["Latitude of 2nd standard parallel",49.8333339,
#>             ANGLEUNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433],
#>             ID["EPSG",8824]],
#>         PARAMETER["Easting at false origin",150000.013,
#>             LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],
#>             ID["EPSG",8826]],
#>         PARAMETER["Northing at false origin",5400088.438,
#>             LENGTHUNIT["metre",1],
#>             ID["EPSG",8827]]],
#>     CS[Cartesian,2],
#>         AXIS["easting (X)",east,
#>             ORDER[1],
#>             LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],
#>         AXIS["northing (Y)",north,
#>             ORDER[2],
#>             LENGTHUNIT["metre",1]],
#>     USAGE[
#>         SCOPE["unknown"],
#>         AREA["Belgium - onshore"],
#>         BBOX[49.5,2.5,51.51,6.4]],
#>     ID["EPSG",31370]]

Created on 2020-09-15 by the reprex package (v0.3.0)

Session info 
devtools::session_info()
#> ─ Session info ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
#>  setting  value                       
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#>  system   x86_64, linux-gnu           
#>  ui       X11                         
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#>  date     2020-09-15                  
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florisvdh added a commit to inbo/tutorials that referenced this issue Sep 15, 2020
@florisvdh
spatial_standards_raster: simplify CRS specification *
cb44cd4 
See rspatial/raster#164
@rsbivand
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And some warnings may be reduced in the forthcoming sp release. The function of the warnings is to alert those who maybe still think the proj4string representation contains what it used to pre-PROJ 6.

@florisvdh
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florisvdh commented Sep 15, 2020 •
edited
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The function of the warnings is to alert those

Yep, I read it in your earlier communications @rsbivand ! Thanks so much for the fine job. I didn't mean the warnings should be gone soon, probably a lot of users aren't yet aware what the warnings are about.

I don't know whether the warning could even be made more specific to the user, depending on the user's crs input, essentially to give a clue whether (s)he should worry or not. As I understand it, this will depend not only on PROJ version but also on the function/package at hand: does it rely on proj4strings or not (if PROJ > 4, rgdal probably cannot know). Perhaps it could be relevant to point the user at the determining conditions, in the warning: 'if you're using a function that still relies on proj4strings, ...' . [But maybe this discussion should go somewhere else - if you find it is relevant at all.]

florisvdh added a commit to inbo/tutorials that referenced this issue Sep 16, 2020
@florisvdh
spatial_standards_raster: simplify CRS specification *
3e0ca89 
See rspatial/raster#164
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