System-On-Chip template based on Rocket-chip (RISC-V ISA). VHDL implementation.

This repository provides open source System-on-Chip implementation based on 64-bits CPU "Rocket-chip" distributed under BSD license. SOC source files either include general set of peripheries, FPGA CADs projects files, own implementation of the Windows/Linux debugger and several examples that help to run your firmware on almost any FPGA boards. Satellite Navigation (GPS/GLONASS/Galileo) modules were stubbed in this repository and can be requested on gnss-sensor.com.

What is Rocket-chip and RISC-V ISA?

RISC-V (pronounced "risk-five") is a new instruction set architecture (ISA) that was originally designed to support computer architecture research and education and is now set become a standard open architecture for industry implementations under the governance of the RISC-V Foundation. RISC-V was originally developed in the Computer Science Division of the EECS Department at the University of California, Berkeley.

Parameterized generator of the Rocket-chip can be found here: https://github.com/ucb-bar

System-on-Chip structure and performance

SoC documentation in .pdf and .html formats.

Performance analysis is based on Dhrystone v2.1. benchmark that is very compact and entirely ported into Zephyr shell example. You can run it yourself and verify results (see below).

RISC-V Instruction simulator - always one instruction per clock.
FPGA SOC based on "Rocket" CPU - single core/single issue 64-bits CPU with disabled L1toL2 interconnect (Verilog generated from Scala sources).
FPGA SOC based on "River" CPU - single core/single issue 64-bits CPU is my own implementation of RISC-V ISA (VHDL with SystemC as reference).

Target	usec per 1 dhry	Dhrystone per sec	MHz, max	FPU	OS	Optim.
RISC-V simulator v3.1	12.0	77257.0	-	No	Zephyr 1.3	-O2
FPGA SoC with "Rocket" v3.1	28.0	34964.0	60	No	Zephyr 1.3	-O2
FPGA SoC with "Rocket" v4.0	40.7	24038.0	601	Yes	Zephyr 1.5	-O2
FPGA SoC with "River " v4.0	28.0	35259.0	601	No	Zephyr 1.5	-O2
RISC-V simulator v5.1	12.0	65652.0	-	No	Zephyr 1.6	-O0
RISC-V simulator v5.1	12.0	76719.0	-	No	Zephyr 1.6	-O2
FPGA SoC with "Rocket" v5.1	41.0	23999.0	601	Yes	Zephyr 1.6	-O2
FPGA SoC with "River" v5.1	28.0	35121.0	601	No	Zephyr 1.6	-O2
FPGA SoC with "LEON3" SPARC	20.0	48229.0	60	No	Bare metal	-O0
FPGA SoC with "LEON3" SPARC	8.0	119515.0	60	No	Bare metal	-O2

¹ - Actual SoC frequency is 40 MHz (to meet FPU constrains) but Dhrystone benchmark uses constant 60 MHz and high precision counter (in clock cycles) to compute results in msec. Timer value doesn't depend of clock frequency. You can find FPGA bit-files with Rocket and River CPUs in the repository. I am also ready to share my framework for Leon3 SPARC V8 processor (SoC and FW) by request.

Access to all memory banks and peripheries in the same clock domain is always one clock in this SOC (without wait-states). So, this benchmark result (Dhrystone per seconds) shows performance of the CPU with integer instructions and degradation of the CPI relative ideal (simulation) case.

In my opinion compiler affects on benchmark results much more than hardware architecture and there's a lot of work for RISC-V compiler developers. So, use as new compiler as possible.

Repository structure

This repository consists of three sub-projects each in own subfolder:

• rocket_soc is the folder with VHDL/Verilog sources of the SOC including synthesizable processors "Rocket" and "River" and peripheries. Source code is portable on almost any FPGA is due to the fact that technology dependant modules (like PLL, IO-buffers etc) instantiated inside of "virtual" components in a similar to Gailser's GRLIB way.
  Full SOC design without FPU occupies less than 5 % of FPGA resources (Virtex6). "Rocket-chip" CPU itself is the modern 64-bits processor with L1-cache, branch-predictor, MMU and virtualization support.
  This sub-project also contains:
  • fw: directory with the bootloader and FW examples.
  • fw_images: directory with the ROM images in HEX-format.
  • prj: project files for different CADs (Xilinx ISE, ModelSim).
  • tb: VHDL testbech of the full system and utilities.
  • bit_files: Pre-built FPGA images for ML605 and KC705 boards.
• zephyr is the ported on RISC-V 64-bits operation system. Information about this Real-Time Operation System for Internet of Things Devices provided by Zephyr Project. Early support for the Zephyr Project includes Intel Corporation, NXP Semiconductors N.V., Synopsys, Inc. and UbiquiOS Technology Limited.
• debugger. The last piece of the ready-to-use open HW/SW system is Software Debugger (C++) with the full system simulator available as a plug-in. Debugger interacts with the target (FPGA or Software Simulator) via Ethernet using EDCL protocol over UDP. To provide this functionality SOC includes 10/100 Ethernet MAC with EDCL and Debug Support Unit (DSU) devices on AMBA AXI4 bus.
• RISC-V "River" core. It's my own implementation of RISC-V ISA that is ideal for embedded application with active usage of 64-bits computations (DSP for Satellite Navigation). I've specified the following principles for myself:
  1. Unified Verification Methodology (UVM)
     • /debugger/cpu_fnc_plugin - Functional RISC-V CPU model.
     • /debugger/cpu_sysc_plugin - Precise SystemC RIVER CPU model.
     • /rocket_soc/riverlib - RIVER VHDL sources with VCD-stimulus from SystemC.
  2. Advanced debugging features: bus tracing, pipeline statistic (like CPI) in real-time on HW level etc.
  3. Integration with GUI from the very beginning. I hope to develop the most friendly synthesizable processor for HW and SW developers and provide debugging tools of professional quality.

Step I: Simple FPGA test.

You can use the pre-built FPGA image (for Xilinx ML605 or KC705 board) and any serial console application (putty, screen or other) to run Dhrystone v2.1 benchmark as on the animated picture below.

1. Unpack and load file image riscv_soc.bit from /rocket_soc/bit_files/ into FPGA board.

2. Connect to serial port. I used standard console utility screen on Ubuntu.

    $ sudo apt-get install screen
    $ sudo screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200
   

3. Use button "Center" to reset FPGA system and reprint initial messages (or just press Enter):

To end the session, use Ctrl-A, Shift-K

Step II: Build and run Software models with GUI.

At this step we're going to build: functional models of CPU and peripheries, precise SystemC model of 'River' CPU and RISC-V Debugger with GUI (MS Visual Studio project for Windows is also available).
This step doesn't require any Hardware and the final result will look as on the following animated picture:

There's dependency of two others open source projects:

• Qt-libraries
• SystemC library

1. Download and install Qt-package (checked with version 5.7).

2. Specify environment variable QT_PATH:

    $ export QT_PATH=/home/install_dir/Qt5.7.0/5.7/gcc_64
   

3. If you would like to run SystemC models download the systemc archive.

4. Unpack and build sources:

    $ tar -xvzf systemc-2.3.1a.tar.gz
    $ cd systemc-2.3.1a
    $ mkdir tmp
    $ cd tmp
    $ ./../configure --prefix=/home/user/systemc-2.3.1a/build
    $ make
    $ make install
   

5. Specify environment variable SYSTEMC_PATH:

    $ export SYSTEMC_PATH=/home/user/systemc-2.3.1a/build")
   

   Note: System Simulator supports blocking and non-blocking accesses to the simulated devices. You can request additional information of how to connect your SystemC device to this SoC.

6. Build project:

    $ cd debugger/makefiles
    $ make
   

7. In a case of successful build start desired configuration:

    $ cd ../linuxbuild/bin
   

Start Configuration	Description
$ ./_run_functional_sim.sh	Functional RISC-V Full System Model
$ ./_run_systemc_sim.sh	Use SystemC Precise Model of RIVER CPU
$ ./_run_fpga_gui.sh	FPGA board. Default port 'COM3', TAP IP = 192.168.0.51

Note: Specify correct serial port in the file debugger/targets/fpga_gui.json (COM3 -> ttyUSB0) if you run debugger on linux.

Note: Instruction of how to connect FPGA board via Ethernet your can find here.
Simulation and Hardware targets use identical EDCL over UDP interface so that Debugger can work with any target using the same set of commands.

Debugger doesn't implement any specific interface for the simulation. Debugger uses only architectural access via TAP (EDCL over UDP) for all targets.

Step III: Build FPGA image

Default VHDL configuration enables River CPU with full debug support.

You can enable usage of "Rocket-chip" CPU instead of "River" disabling the configuration parameter in /rocket_soc/work/config_common.vhd CFG_COMMON_RIVER_CPU_ENABLE.

1. Open ML605 project file for Xilinx ISE14.7 prj/ml605/riscv_soc.xise or KC705 project file for Xilinx Vivado prj/kc705/riscv_soc.xpr.
2. Edit configuration constants in file work/config_common.vhd if needed. (Skip this step by default).
3. Use rocket_soc/work/tb/riscv_soc_tb.vhd" testbench file to verify full system including CPU, UART, Timers, Ethernet, GPIO etc.
4. Generate bit-file and load it into FPGA.

Step IV: How to build 64-bits Zephyr v1.6.0 for RISC-V or other custom firmware

As an example we're going to build two programs:

• Zephyr OS kernel with ROM-image generation.
• 'Hello world' example. Then load it into the target using Debugger's command.

1. Setup GCC toolchain

You can find step-by-step instruction of how to build your own toolchain on riscv.org. If you would like to use pre-build GCC binary files and libraries you can download it here:

Ubuntu GNU GCC 6.1.0 toolchain RV64D (207MB)
Ubuntu GNU GCC 6.1.0 toolchain RV64IMA (204MB)

(obsolete) Ubuntu GNU GCC 5.1.0 toolchain RV64IMA (256MB)

GCC 5.1.0 is the legacy version for riscv_vhdl with tag v3.1 or older.
RV64IMA build doesn't use hardware FPU (--soft-float). RV64D build requires FPU co-processor (--hard-float).

Just after you download the toolchain unpack it and set environment variable as follows:

$ tar -xzvf gnu-toolchain-rv64ima.tar.gz gnu-toolchain-rv64ima
$ export PATH=/home/your_path/gnu-toolchain-rv64ima/bin:$PATH

If you would like to generate hex-file and use it for ROM initialization you can use 'elf2hex' and 'libfesvr.so' library from the GNU toolchain but I suggest to use my version of such tool 'elf2raw64'. I've put this binary into pre-built GCC archive 'gnu_toolchain-rv64/bin'. If elf2raw64 conflicts with installed LIBC version re-build it from fw/elf2raw64/makefiles directory.

2. Patch and build Zephyr OS v1.6.0 binary

$ mkdir zephyr_160
$ cd zephyr_160
$ git clone https://gerrit.zephyrproject.org/r/zephyr
$ cd zephyr
$ git checkout tags/v1.6.0
$ cp ../../riscv_vhdl/zephyr/v1.6.0-riscv64-base.diff .
$ cp ../../riscv_vhdl/zephyr/v1.6.0-riscv64-exten.diff .
$ git apply v1.6.0-riscv64-base.diff
$ git apply v1.6.0-riscv64-exten.diff

The first patch adds base functionality for RISC-V 64-bits architecture.
The second one extends it by adding Dhrystone 2.1. benchmark and MS Visual Studio target and maybe something else.

Build elf-file:

$ export ZEPHYR_BASE=/home/zephyr_160/zephyr
$ cd zephyr/samples/shell
$ make ARCH=riscv64 CROSS_COMPILE=/home/your_path/gnu-toolchain-rv64ima/bin/riscv64-unknown-elf- BOARD=riscv_gnss 2>&1 | tee _err.log

Create HEX-image for ROM initialization. I use own analog of the elf2raw utility named as elf2raw64. You can find it in GNU tools archive.

$ elf2raw64 outdir/riscv_gnss/zephyr.elf -h -f 262144 -l 8 -o fwimage.hex

Flags:

-h        -- specify HEX format of the output file.
-f 262144 -- specify total ROM size in bytes.
-l 8      -- specify number of bytes in one line (AXI databus width). Default is 16.

Copy fwimage.hex to rocket_soc subdirectory

$ cp fwimage.hex ../../../rocket_soc/fw_images

3. Debug Zephyr kernel with debug symbols.

Use the following debugger's console commands to load symbols information from elf-file:

riscv# loadelf zephyr.elf
riscv# loadelf zephyr.elf nocode

The second command loads debug information without target reprogramming.

4. Build and run custom FW like 'Hello World' example.

Build example:

$ cd /your_git_path/rocket_soc/fw/helloworld/makefiles
$ make

Run Risc-V Debugger application:

$ ./your_git_path/debugger/linuxbuild/bin/_run_functional_sim.sh

Load elf-file using debugger's console:

#riscv loadelf bin/helloworld

You should see something like:

    riscv# loadelf e:/helloworld
    [loader0]: Loading '.text' section
    [loader0]: Loading '.eh_frame' section
    [loader0]: Loading '.rodata.str1.8' section
    [loader0]: Loading '.rodata' section
    [loader0]: Loading '.data' section
    [loader0]: Loading '.sdata' section
    [loader0]: Loading '.sbss' section
    [loader0]: Loading '.bss' section
    [loader0]: Loaded: 42912 B

Just after image loading has been finished debugger clears reset CPU signal. Start the simulation manually (F5) if the processor was in 'halt' state.
This example prints only once UART message 'Hello World - 1', so if you'd like to repeat test reload image using loadelf command.

Now we can also generate HEX-file for ROM initialization to do that see other example with bootrom implementation

$ cd rocket_soc/fw/boot/makefiles
$ make
$ cd ../linuxbuild/bin

Opened directory contains the following files:

• bootimage - elf-file (not used by SOC).
• bootimage.dump - disassembled file for the verification.
• bootimage.hex - HEX-file for the Boot ROM intialization.

You can also check bootimage.hex and memory dump for consistence:

#riscv dump 0 8192 dump.hex hex

I hope your also have run firmware on RISC-V system successfully.

My usual FPGA setup is ML605 board and debugger that is running on Windows 7 from Visual Studio project, so other target configurations (linux + KC705) could contain errors that are fixing with a small delay. Let me know if see one.

5. Example of debug session with RF front-end and GNSS IPs on ML605 board.

Versions History

Implemented functionality (v6.0)

• GNSS IPs successfully integrated into RISC-V based SoC.
• Add Test Access (TAP) over Serial port.
• Add GUI integration with Open Street Maps and position tracking.
• Add performance analisys tool into GUI.

Implemented functionality (v5.1)

• "RIVER" critical bugs fixed:Not decoded SRAI instrucion, missed exception generation.
• Zephyr v1.6.0 ported with unikernel instead of the obsolete nanokernel.

Implemented functionality (v5.0)

• New CPU implemented ("RIVER").
• "Rocket-chip" CPU updated to date 18 Jan 2017. TileLink interface was totally redesigned.
• SystemC support was added with the precise CPU model and VCD-stimulus generator.
• Debugger functionality is now oriented only on RIVER implementation and includes a lot of new features: breakpoints, disassembler, CPI meter and others.
• AXI bus controller significantly improved

Implemented functionality (v4.0)

• Support new revision of User-Level ISA Spec. 2.1 and Privileged spec. 1.9.
• FW will be binary incompatible with the previous Rocket-chip CPU (changed CSR's indexes, instruction ERET removed, new set of instructions xRET was added etc).
• GCC versions (5.x) becomes obsolete.
• FPU enabled by default and pre-built GCC 6.x with --hard-float provided.
• HostIO bus removed.
• HW Debug capability significantly affetcted by new DebugUnit, but Simulation significantly improved.
• Updated bootloader and FW will become available soon.

Implemented functionality (v3.1)

To get branch v3.1 use the following git command:

$ git clone -b v3.1 https://github.com/sergeykhbr/riscv_vhdl.git

This is the last revision of the RISC-V SOC based on ISA version 1.9. All afterwards updates will be binary incompatible with this tag. Tag v3.1 adds:

• New Zephyr Kernel with the shell autocompletion.
• Significantly updated GUI of the debugger.

Use tag v3.1 and GCC 5.1.0 instead of latest revision while release v4.0 won't ready. GCC 6.1.0 and 5.1.0 are binary incompatible either as SoC itself!

Implemented functionality (v3.0)

To get branch v3.0 use the following git command:

$ git clone -b v3.0 https://github.com/sergeykhbr/riscv_vhdl.git

• Ported open source Real-Time Operation System for Internet of Things Devices provided by Zephyr Project.
• Benchmark Dhrystone v2.1 run on FPGA and Simulator with published results.
• Testmode removed. 'gnsslib' fully disabled.
• Graphical User Interface (GUI) for the debugger based on QT-libraries with significantly increasing of the debugger functionality.

Implemented functionality (v2.0)

To get branch v2.0 use the following git command:

$ git clone -b v2.0 https://github.com/sergeykhbr/riscv_vhdl.git

This release add to following features to v1.0:

• Debug Support Unit (DSU) for the access to all CPU registers (CSRs).
• 10/100 Ethernet MAC with EDCL that allows to debug processor from the reset vector redirecting UDP requests directly on system bus.
• GNSS engine and RF-mezzanine card support.
• Test Mode (DIP[0]=1) that allows to use SOC with or without RF-mezzanine card.
• Master/Slave AMBA AXI4 interface refactoring.
• Debugger Software (C++) for Windows and Linux with built-in simulator and plugins support.
• Portable asynchronous FIFO implementation allowing to connect modules to the System BUS from a separate clock domains (ADC clock domain):
• A lot of system optimizations.

Implemented functionality (v1.0)

The initial v1.0 release provides base SOC functionality with minimal set of peripheries. To get this version use:

$ git clone -b v1.0 https://github.com/sergeykhbr/riscv_vhdl.git

• Proof-of-concept VHDL SOC based on Verilog generated core "Rocket-chip".
• Peripheries with AMBA AXI4 interfaces: GPIO, LEDs, UART, IRQ controller etc.
• Plug'n-Play support.
• Configuration and constraint files for ML605 (Virtex6) and KC705 (Kintex7) FPGA boards.
• Bit-files for ML605 and KC705 boards.
• Pre-built ROM images with the BootLoader and FW-image. FW-image is copied into internal SRAM during boot-stage.
• "Hello World" example.

Doxygen project documentation

http://sergeykhbr.github.io/riscv_vhdl/