feat: add CPU micro architecture support (#1628)

allows troubleshoot to collect and analyze CPU micro architecture. this
is an usage example:

```yaml
apiVersion: troubleshoot.sh/v1beta2
kind: HostPreflight
metadata:
  name: ec-cluster-preflight
spec:
  collectors:
  - cpu: {}
  analyzers:
  - cpu:
      checkName: CPU
      outcomes:
        - pass:
            when: 'supports x86-64-v2'
            message: CPU supports x86-64-v2
        - fail:
            message: CPU does not support x86-64-v2
```

pkg/analyze/host_cpu.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package analyzer
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 
@@ -10,6 +11,18 @@ import (
 	"github.com/replicatedhq/troubleshoot/pkg/collect"
 )
 
+// microarchs holds a list of features present in each microarchitecture.
+// ref: https://gitlab.com/x86-psABIs/x86-64-ABI
+// ref: https://developers.redhat.com/blog/2021/01/05/building-red-hat-enterprise-linux-9-for-the-x86-64-v2-microarchitecture-level
+var microarchs = map[string][]string{
+	"x86-64-v2": {"cx16", "lahf_lm", "popcnt", "ssse3", "sse4_1", "sse4_2", "ssse3"},
+	"x86-64-v3": {"avx", "avx2", "bmi1", "bmi2", "f16c", "fma", "lzcnt", "movbe", "xsave"},
+	"x86-64-v4": {"avx512f", "avx512bw", "avx512cd", "avx512dq", "avx512vl"},
+}
+
+// x8664BaseFeatures are the features that are present in all x86-64 microarchitectures.
+var x8664BaseFeatures = []string{"cmov", "cx8", "fpu", "fxsr", "mmx", "syscall", "sse", "sse2"}
+
 type AnalyzeHostCPU struct {
 	hostAnalyzer *troubleshootv1beta2.CPUAnalyze
 }
@@ -52,7 +65,7 @@ func (a *AnalyzeHostCPU) Analyze(
 				return []*AnalyzeResult{&result}, nil
 			}
 
-			isMatch, err := compareHostCPUConditionalToActual(outcome.Fail.When, cpuInfo.LogicalCount, cpuInfo.PhysicalCount)
+			isMatch, err := compareHostCPUConditionalToActual(outcome.Fail.When, cpuInfo.LogicalCount, cpuInfo.PhysicalCount, cpuInfo.Flags)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to compare")
 			}
@@ -73,7 +86,7 @@ func (a *AnalyzeHostCPU) Analyze(
 				return []*AnalyzeResult{&result}, nil
 			}
 
-			isMatch, err := compareHostCPUConditionalToActual(outcome.Warn.When, cpuInfo.LogicalCount, cpuInfo.PhysicalCount)
+			isMatch, err := compareHostCPUConditionalToActual(outcome.Warn.When, cpuInfo.LogicalCount, cpuInfo.PhysicalCount, cpuInfo.Flags)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to compare")
 			}
@@ -94,7 +107,7 @@ func (a *AnalyzeHostCPU) Analyze(
 				return []*AnalyzeResult{&result}, nil
 			}
 
-			isMatch, err := compareHostCPUConditionalToActual(outcome.Pass.When, cpuInfo.LogicalCount, cpuInfo.PhysicalCount)
+			isMatch, err := compareHostCPUConditionalToActual(outcome.Pass.When, cpuInfo.LogicalCount, cpuInfo.PhysicalCount, cpuInfo.Flags)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to compare")
 			}
@@ -112,7 +125,25 @@ func (a *AnalyzeHostCPU) Analyze(
 	return []*AnalyzeResult{&result}, nil
 }
 
-func compareHostCPUConditionalToActual(conditional string, logicalCount int, physicalCount int) (res bool, err error) {
+func doCompareHostCPUMicroArchitecture(microarch string, flags []string) (res bool, err error) {
+	specifics, ok := microarchs[microarch]
+	if !ok && microarch != "x86-64" {
+		return false, errors.Errorf("troubleshoot does not yet support microarchitecture %q", microarch)
+	}
+	expectedFlags := x8664BaseFeatures
+	if len(specifics) > 0 {
+		expectedFlags = append(expectedFlags, specifics...)
+	}
+	for _, flag := range expectedFlags {
+		if slices.Contains(flags, flag) {
+			continue
+		}
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+func compareHostCPUConditionalToActual(conditional string, logicalCount int, physicalCount int, flags []string) (res bool, err error) {
 	compareLogical := false
 	comparePhysical := false
 	compareUnspecified := false
@@ -137,6 +168,11 @@ func compareHostCPUConditionalToActual(conditional string, logicalCount int, phy
 		desired = parts[1]
 	}
 
+	// analyze if the cpu supports a specific set of features, aka as micrarchitecture.
+	if strings.ToLower(comparator) == "supports" {
+		return doCompareHostCPUMicroArchitecture(desired, flags)
+	}
+
 	if !compareLogical && !comparePhysical && !compareUnspecified {
 		return false, errors.New("unable to parse conditional")
 	}

pkg/analyze/host_cpu_test.go

@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ func Test_compareHostCPUConditionalToActual(t *testing.T) {
 		when          string
 		logicalCount  int
 		physicalCount int
+		flags         []string
 		expected      bool
 	}{
 		{
@@ -139,12 +140,24 @@ func Test_compareHostCPUConditionalToActual(t *testing.T) {
 			physicalCount: 4,
 			expected:      true,
 		},
+		{
+			name:     "supports x86-64-v2 microarchitecture",
+			when:     "supports x86-64-v2",
+			flags:    []string{""},
+			expected: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "supports x86-64-v2 microarchitecture",
+			when:     "supports x86-64-v2",
+			flags:    []string{"cmov", "cx8", "fpu", "fxsr", "mmx", "syscall", "sse", "sse2", "cx16", "lahf_lm", "popcnt", "ssse3", "sse4_1", "sse4_2", "ssse3"},
+			expected: true,
+		},
 	}
 	for _, test := range tests {
 		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			req := require.New(t)
 
-			actual, err := compareHostCPUConditionalToActual(test.when, test.logicalCount, test.physicalCount)
+			actual, err := compareHostCPUConditionalToActual(test.when, test.logicalCount, test.physicalCount, test.flags)
 			req.NoError(err)
 
 			assert.Equal(t, test.expected, actual)

pkg/collect/host_cpu.go

@@ -10,8 +10,9 @@ import (
 )
 
 type CPUInfo struct {
-	LogicalCount  int `json:"logicalCount"`
-	PhysicalCount int `json:"physicalCount"`
+	LogicalCount  int      `json:"logicalCount"`
+	PhysicalCount int      `json:"physicalCount"`
+	Flags         []string `json:"flags"`
 }
 
 const HostCPUPath = `host-collectors/system/cpu.json`
@@ -44,6 +45,25 @@ func (c *CollectHostCPU) Collect(progressChan chan<- interface{}) (map[string][]
 	}
 	cpuInfo.PhysicalCount = physicalCount
 
+	// XXX even though the cpu.Info() returns a slice per CPU it is way
+	// common to have the same flags for all CPUs. We consolidate them here
+	// so the output is a list of all different flags present in all CPUs.
+	info, err := cpu.Info()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get cpu info")
+	}
+
+	seen := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, infoForCPU := range info {
+		for _, flag := range infoForCPU.Flags {
+			if seen[flag] {
+				continue
+			}
+			seen[flag] = true
+			cpuInfo.Flags = append(cpuInfo.Flags, flag)
+		}
+	}
+
 	b, err := json.Marshal(cpuInfo)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to marshal cpu info")

pkg/collect/host_cpu_test.go

@@ -20,12 +20,13 @@ func TestCollectHostCPU_Collect(t *testing.T) {
 	require.Contains(t, got, "host-collectors/system/cpu.json")
 	values := got["host-collectors/system/cpu.json"]
 
-	var m map[string]int
+	var m map[string]interface{}
 	err = json.Unmarshal(values, &m)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Check if values exist. They will be different on different machines.
-	assert.Equal(t, 2, len(m))
+	assert.Equal(t, 3, len(m))
 	assert.Contains(t, m, "logicalCount")
 	assert.Contains(t, m, "physicalCount")
+	assert.Contains(t, m, "flags")
 }