Replaced deprecated Qiskit classes by their respective replacement functions

[tnemoz]

Summary

Fixes #231.

This PR replaces most of the uses of the deprecated classes based on BlueprintCircuit by their function counterpart. Some are left in tests, and EvolvedOperatorAnsatz is still used in AdaptVQE.

VQD, VQE and SamplingVQE now raise warnings upon setting the number of qubits of their ansatz.

Since it seems that PhaseOracle will be deprecated in Qiskit 2.2 in profit of PhaseOraclegate, I went ahead and added support for the latter in AmplificationProblem and Grover.

Concerning AdaptVQE, following the discussion in #231, I went for adding a lot of keyword-only arguments. This allows for instantiating it using the new technique without too much code, just like the user would have instantiated its EvolvedOperatorAnsatz. There's a concern on the typing of VQE ansatz though. On the one hand, I don't really like allowing the ansatz to be None since I don't think it makes much sense, but on the other hand it's a bit ridiculous to pass QuantumCircuit(1) to VQE... Note that this is a typing-only problem: if the user actually passes None for the ansatz, it will work just fine.

[coveralls]

Pull Request Test Coverage Report for Build 16850750011

Details

• 49 of 50 (98.0%) changed or added relevant lines in 5 files are covered.
• No unchanged relevant lines lost coverage.
• Overall coverage increased (+0.06%) to 90.194%

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Changes Missing Coverage	Covered Lines	Changed/Added Lines	%
qiskit_algorithms/minimum_eigensolvers/adapt_vqe.py	37	38	97.37%

Totals
Change from base Build 16793992272:	0.06%
Covered Lines:	6659
Relevant Lines:	7383

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💛 - Coveralls

[woodsp-ibm]

LGTM. Thanks for doing this - another great piece of work!