Update CI to use Python 3.10 - 3.12

[pnuu]

Update CI to use Python versions 3.10, 3.11 and 3.12.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Comparison is base (18340ca) 87.51% compared to head (c9a139e) 87.56%.
Report is 2 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #146      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   87.51%   87.56%   +0.05%     
==========================================
  Files          14       15       +1     
  Lines        2210     2219       +9     
==========================================
+ Hits         1934     1943       +9     
  Misses        276      276              

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	87.56% <ø> (+0.05%)	⬆️

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[coveralls]

coverage: 87.562%. remained the same
when pulling c9a139e on pnuu:update-ci-python
into e8e55cb on pytroll:main.