bpo-32689: Updates shutil.move to allow for Path objects to be used as source arg

[maxwellmckinnon]

Important work originally done by @emilyemorehouse two years ago and nearly ready to go in.

This bug has affected many people and in some cases has been a dealbreaker to the adoption of the otherwise wonderful pathlib and PEP519. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/33625931/copy-file-with-pathlib-in-python.

This adds the outstanding test request from that PR @vstinner (#5393).

Test fails without the change, passes with it, along with every other test in test_shutil.

Some variants were experimented with to make the one line change and the most performant one was picked.

Added Test for PathLike directory destination, the current fail case

Lib/test/test_shutil.py::TestMove::test_move_file_pathlike FAILED                                                               [100%]

============================================================== FAILURES ===============================================================
__________________________________________________ TestMove.test_move_file_pathlike ___________________________________________________

self = <test.test_shutil.TestMove testMethod=test_move_file_pathlike>

    def test_move_file_pathlike(self):
        # Move a file to another location on the same filesystem.
        src = pathlib.Path(self.src_file)
>       self._check_move_file(src, self.dst_dir, self.dst_file)

Lib/test/test_shutil.py:1563:
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Lib/test/test_shutil.py:1545: in _check_move_file
    shutil.move(src, dst)
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/shutil.py:562: in move
    real_dst = os.path.join(dst, _basename(src))
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

path = PosixPath('/var/folders/r2/psq74t5x3nbfzlph8bh2pvdw0000gn/T/tmp9ie0wh9_/foo')

    def _basename(path):
        # A basename() variant which first strips the trailing slash, if present.
        # Thus we always get the last component of the path, even for directories.
        sep = os.path.sep + (os.path.altsep or '')
>       return os.path.basename(path.rstrip(sep))
E       AttributeError: 'PosixPath' object has no attribute 'rstrip'

/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/shutil.py:526: AttributeError
============================================== 1 failed, 102 deselected in 0.30 seconds ===============================================

After change:

========================================================= test session starts =========================================================
platform darwin -- Python 3.7.4, pytest-5.0.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0 -- /Users/maxwellmckinnon/.venvs/TA3.7/bin/python3.7
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /Users/maxwellmckinnon/dev/cpython
plugins: cov-2.7.1, mock-1.10.4
collected 103 items / 102 deselected / 1 selected

Lib/test/test_shutil.py::TestMove::test_move_file_pathlike PASSED                                                               [100%]

============================================== 1 passed, 102 deselected in 0.06 seconds ===============================================

Running all the tests in test_shutil.py

╰─ pytest Lib/test/test_shutil.py -v
========================================================= test session starts =========================================================
platform darwin -- Python 3.7.4, pytest-5.0.1, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.12.0 -- /Users/maxwellmckinnon/.venvs/TA3.7/bin/python3.7
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /Users/maxwellmckinnon/dev/cpython
plugins: cov-2.7.1, mock-1.10.4
collected 103 items

Lib/test/test_shutil.py::TestShutil::test_chown PASSED                                                                          [  0%]
Lib/test/test_shutil.py::TestShutil::test_copy PASSED                                                                           [  1%]
...
Lib/test/test_shutil.py::TermsizeTests::test_stty_match SKIPPED                                                                 [ 99%]
Lib/test/test_shutil.py::PublicAPITests::test_module_all_attribute PASSED                                                       [100%]

================================================ 96 passed, 7 skipped in 1.25 seconds =================================================

Performance Considerations

Is it considered poor form to get rid of _basename altogether and make use of pathlib in the move function? I'm not sure if the idea is for all these modules to strictly avoid circular dependencies. They are already using os.path which is just as much a citizen in 3.8 as pathlib right?

e.g.

real_dst = os.path.join(dst, _basename(src))
becomes
real_dst = Path(dst) / Path(src).name

I've looked around and familiarized myself, and I now think importing pathlib here is fine. My only remaining concern is that of performance.

Here's the performance difference for this step.

In [46]: %timeit real_dst = os.path.join("a/b/c", _basename('b/'))
2.71 µs ± 62.6 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100000 loops each)

In [47]: %timeit real_dst = Path("a/b/c") / Path('b/').name
12.4 µs ± 65.3 ns per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100000 loops each)

Is 10us significant or insignificant compared to the least expensive operation this function will do? I don't know. Let's find out.

In [55]: %timeit os.rename('/tmp/a/a.txt', '/tmp/a/b.txt'); os.rename('/tmp/a/b.txt', '/tmp/a/a.txt')
124 µs ± 2.18 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10000 loops each)

62us to rename. 10us seems significant enough that we wouldn't want to favor the Path sugar suggestion. 16% speed decrease from adding the 10us.

What do people think? I was hoping to get to use pathlib.Path here, but I suspect for this low level move, it should be as fast as possible, and 16% is not worth one line of sugary code to me.

https://bugs.python.org/issue32689

Automerge-Triggered-By: @gvanrossum

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[brandtbucher]

A couple minor nitpicks, but otherwise looks good! dst is already pathlike-safe, correct?

I'd also add a note to the docs for this in Doc/library/shutil.rst:

.. versionchanged:: 3.9
      Accepts a :term:`path-like object` for both *src* and *dst*.

I also vote -1 on the Path slowdown, for the reasons you mentioned.

[maxwellmckinnon]

It was a bit of digging to figure out what the CI failures were (the message to fix only works on linux), but it was a whitespace, fixed by running reindent.py -v ~/dev/cpython/Lib/shutil.py

@brandtbucher Ready to get this in?

[brandtbucher]

@maxwellmckinnon: I'd still recommend removing the new isolated line of whitespace and cutting down on that docstring, but I think this is otherwise ready for core review.

CC: @giampaolo @emilyemorehouse

[ammaraskar]

Just gonna ping Emily on the original PR to see if she wants to finish off the work herself.

[maxwellmckinnon]

Sorry for all the stray commits. I assume they will be squashed by the integrator? Or should I rebase and push as one commit now?

[ammaraskar]

They'll be squashed by the integrator, no need to worry :)

[maxwellmckinnon]

From Emily over email: “I haven't had the time to finish it, feel free to propose yours!”

[gvanrossum]

OK, let this go into 3.9.