Pillow 11.3.0 wheels on PyPI do not include support for manylinux2014

[pvieito]

What did you do?

Try to install Pillow in our CI pipeline.

What did you expect to happen?

Pillow getting installed via a supported manylinux2014 wheel.

What actually happened?

The CI failed as the last release of Pillow in PyPI removed support for manylinux2014.

What are your OS, Python and Pillow versions?

• OS: Linux
• Python: 3.10
• Pillow: 11.3.0

[hugovk]

I guess this is caused by this cibuildwheel 3.0 change:

• The default manylinux image has changed from manylinux2014 to manylinux_2_28. (#2330)

https://cibuildwheel.pypa.io/en/stable/changelog/#v300

From pypa/cibuildwheel#1988:

The main motivation behind this is that CentOS 7, on which manylinux2014 is based, became end-of-life end of June. It also helps projects by defaulting to more performant wheels that have improved support for modern microarchitectures.

---

Please could you say why you need manylinux2014 cannot use manylinux_2_28?

[jeremysamuel13]

Many users of Amazon Linux 2 are seeing impact because of this. This is because AL2 has a glibc version of 2.26, thus is incompatible with manylinux_2_28. This causes pip to install the library from source, which ends up with the following error since AL2 does not have the necessary build dependencies by default:

 The headers or library files could not be found for jpeg,
  a required dependency when compiling Pillow from source.

  Please see the install instructions at:
     https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation/basic-installation.html

  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<string>", line 1092, in <module>
    File "/tmp/pip-build-env-u7_ue_m6/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/__init__.py", line 115, in setup
      return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
    File "/tmp/pip-build-env-u7_ue_m6/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/core.py", line 186, in setup
      return run_commands(dist)
    File "/tmp/pip-build-env-u7_ue_m6/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/core.py", line 202, in run_commands
      dist.run_commands()
    File "/tmp/pip-build-env-u7_ue_m6/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/dist.py", line 1002, in run_commands
      self.run_command(cmd)
    File "/tmp/pip-build-env-u7_ue_m6/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 1102, in run_command
      super().run_command(command)
    File "/tmp/pip-build-env-u7_ue_m6/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/dist.py", line 1021, in run_command
      cmd_obj.run()
    File "/tmp/pip-build-env-u7_ue_m6/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/command/bdist_wheel.py", line 370, in run
      self.run_command("build")
    File "/tmp/pip-build-env-u7_ue_m6/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/cmd.py", line 357, in run_command
      self.distribution.run_command(command)
    File "/tmp/pip-build-env-u7_ue_m6/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 1102, in run_command
      super().run_command(command)
    File "/tmp/pip-build-env-u7_ue_m6/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/dist.py", line 1021, in run_command
      cmd_obj.run()
    File "/tmp/pip-build-env-u7_ue_m6/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/command/build.py", line 135, in run
      self.run_command(cmd_name)
    File "/tmp/pip-build-env-u7_ue_m6/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/cmd.py", line 357, in run_command
      self.distribution.run_command(command)
    File "/tmp/pip-build-env-u7_ue_m6/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 1102, in run_command
      super().run_command(command)
    File "/tmp/pip-build-env-u7_ue_m6/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/dist.py", line 1021, in run_command
      cmd_obj.run()
    File "/tmp/pip-build-env-u7_ue_m6/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/command/build_ext.py", line 96, in run
      _build_ext.run(self)
    File "/tmp/pip-build-env-u7_ue_m6/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/command/build_ext.py", line 368, in run
      self.build_extensions()
    File "<string>", line 887, in build_extensions
  __main__.RequiredDependencyException: jpeg

  During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/in_process/_in_process.py", line 349, in <module>
      main()
    File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/in_process/_in_process.py", line 331, in main
      json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
    File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/in_process/_in_process.py", line 248, in build_wheel
      return _build_backend().build_wheel(wheel_directory, config_settings,
    File "/tmp/pip-install-yx23cvq9/pillow_974d9c09d2204cfdb68cb5380bde4973/_custom_build/backend.py", line 26, in build_wheel
      return super().build_wheel(wheel_directory, config_settings, metadata_directory)
    File "/tmp/pip-build-env-u7_ue_m6/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 435, in build_wheel
      return _build(['bdist_wheel', '--dist-info-dir', str(metadata_directory)])
    File "/tmp/pip-build-env-u7_ue_m6/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 423, in _build
      return self._build_with_temp_dir(
    File "/tmp/pip-build-env-u7_ue_m6/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 404, in _build_with_temp_dir
      self.run_setup()
    File "/tmp/pip-install-yx23cvq9/pillow_974d9c09d2204cfdb68cb5380bde4973/_custom_build/backend.py", line 20, in run_setup
      return super().run_setup(setup_script)
    File "/tmp/pip-build-env-u7_ue_m6/overlay/lib/python3.10/site-packages/setuptools/build_meta.py", line 317, in run_setup
      exec(code, locals())
    File "<string>", line 1108, in <module>
  __main__.RequiredDependencyException:

  The headers or library files could not be found for jpeg,
  a required dependency when compiling Pillow from source.

  Please see the install instructions at:
     https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation/basic-installation.html


  ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for pillow
Failed to build pillow
ERROR: Could not build wheels for pillow which use PEP 517 and cannot be installed directly

AL2 will only be EOL on 2026-06-30 (Per AL2 FAQ), so this will continue to be an issue for users of AL2 + users of services that use AL2 behind the scenes. Adding a manylinux2014 whl would resolve these issues.

[hugovk]

I'm hesitant to add more wheels, as each release is currently 85 wheels and about half a gigabyte. This year we went over the PyPI project limit and had to request an increase, and then put a lot effort into reducing the wheel size to support AVIF.

Is there a cibuildwheel issue about the change in default? I expect it affects many packages.

On the other hand, Amazon Linux 2023 is available which is on glibc 2.34.

[kylclrk]

Is there a workaround? We have a Python application built using AWS SAM and GitHub Actions. The only dependency in my project is numpy. We're not doing anything crazy but the build is now failing. Here's my workflow file:

on:
  push:
    branches:
      - main 
jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - uses: actions/setup-python@v3
      - uses: aws-actions/setup-sam@v2
        with:
          use-installer: true
          token: ${{secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN}}
      - uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@v4
        with:
          aws-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
          aws-secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
          aws-region: us-east-2
      - run: sam build --use-container
      - run: sam deploy --no-confirm-changeset --no-fail-on-empty-changeset --config-file STAGING.toml

[hugovk]

Short term, you can pin Pillow < 11.3.0, possibly via a constraints file, for example:

• https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/f41e9c750e6971c165e055374a1014d6afd2d50e/Doc/requirements.txt#L21
• https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/f41e9c750e6971c165e055374a1014d6afd2d50e/Doc/constraints.txt

Or tell your installer to only install binaries, for example:

• https://github.com/python/release-tools/blob/8f7a74f34ff5632f6e1e36639f005275a6e3a9cc/requirements.in#L1

[Kamparia]

I'm having the same issue. Had to downgrade

[domvo]

Failing our aws sam builds, too. pinning to pillow==11.2.1 somehow does not resolve the issue, it still tries to resolve 11.3.0 and fails.

[radarhere]

If it is helpful to anyone, here are manylinux2014 wheels of Pillow 11.3.0.

39.zip
310.zip
311.zip
312.zip
313.zip
pypy.zip

I'm not personally opposed to the idea of restoring manylinux2014 wheels, but want to be clear that it would only buy affected users another year before they need to upgrade. The original EOL date of Amazon Linux 2 was June 2023, but has been repeatedly extended since then to the current EOL of June 2026.

I'll also mention that manylinux2014 itself has been EOL for a year.

[aclark4life]

Yeah I'm in favor of restoring based on the extended EOL. Probably should have caught that, sorry!