pip does not apply packages' constraints to same package with extras

[sanderr]

Description

When a requirements list contains both mypackage<some_constraint> and my_package[my_extra], the two seem to be treated separately, without applying the constraint to my_package[my_extra]. In the end, pip does manage to find a correct set of packages but this may involve unnecessary backtracking that (I think) could be easily avoided.

Consider the package inmanta-core. It has an extra named pytest-inmanta-extensions, which is strongly tied to it by version. It constraints the pytest-inmanta-extensions package to be the same version as inmanta-core itself (see here).

I tried the following: pip download "inmanta-core==6.0.0" "inmanta-core[pytest-inmanta-extensions]", expecting it to trivially find the appropriate versions. Alas, it seems to pick the trivial candidate for inmanta-core, but then pick a different (incorrect) candidate for inmanta-core[pytest-inmanta-extesions]. This later results in backtracking on the latter until it stumbles on the correct version. In this case it has to backtrack over some ten versions, trying it with dev versions (e.g. with --pre and our internal index) is way worse.

Since the package with and without extra have the same base, I would think constraints can be shared safely.

I think the cause may be related to #11913 (comment), but I haven't dug deep enough in the pip internals to know for sure.

Expected behavior

See description

pip version

23.0.1 and main (81f6a9f)

Python version

3.9.15

OS

Linux

How to Reproduce

pip download "inmanta-core==6.0.0" "inmanta-core[pytest-inmanta-extensions]"

Output

Collecting inmanta-core==6.0.0
  File was already downloaded /home/sander/.virtualenvs/tmp-6fecb770122ef28/inmanta-core-6.0.0.tar.gz
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Collecting inmanta-core[pytest-inmanta-extensions]
  Using cached inmanta_core-8.2.0-py3-none-any.whl (619 kB)
...
<unrelated output>
...
Collecting inmanta-core[pytest-inmanta-extensions]
  Using cached inmanta_core-8.1.0-py3-none-any.whl (619 kB)
  Using cached inmanta_core-8.0.0-py3-none-any.whl (591 kB)
  Using cached inmanta_core-7.1.0-py3-none-any.whl (592 kB)
  Using cached inmanta_core-7.0.0-py3-none-any.whl (571 kB)
  Using cached inmanta_core-6.4.1-py3-none-any.whl (594 kB)
  Using cached inmanta_core-6.4.0-py3-none-any.whl (593 kB)
  Using cached inmanta_core-6.3.0-py3-none-any.whl (592 kB)
  Using cached inmanta_core-6.2.0-py3-none-any.whl (571 kB)
  Using cached inmanta_core-6.1.0-py3-none-any.whl (543 kB)
  Using cached inmanta_core-6.0.2-py3-none-any.whl (515 kB)
  Using cached inmanta_core-6.0.1-py3-none-any.whl (515 kB)
Collecting pytest-inmanta-extensions~=6.0.0.0.dev
  File was already downloaded /home/sander/.virtualenvs/tmp-6fecb770122ef28/pytest-inmanta-extensions-6.0.0.tar.gz
  Preparing metadata (setup.py) ... done

Code of Conduct

• I agree to follow the PSF Code of Conduct.

[pfmoore]

This is essentially by design, based on the comment you linked. I don't believe it will ever result in an incorrect resolution, although I guess that as you say it may cause some unnecessary backtracking. I think this is a fairly rare case, though - the situation you describe where the versions of the extra dependencies and the main package are tightly coupled seems unusual.

I don't think this is a bug, as it doesn't cause incorrect behaviour.

Having said that, if someone were to produce a PR to improve this, it would definitely be considered. But be aware, extras are extremely tricky to handle correctly, so this will not be simple to address.

[sanderr]

the situation you describe where the versions of the extra dependencies and the main package are tightly coupled seems unusual.

I have to agree with that, I think this is a rare case. I do think similar issues can occur in more common scenarios but I expect the backtracking to be more contained there.

I assumed this to be an easy thing to address, I guess I was wrong about that. After reading the comment once more I think I understand why. I'll try to have a look at the current implementation and see if I can come up with something that doesn't break compatibility.

[notatallshaw]

Am I correct in thinking that "inmanta-core==6.0.0" "inmanta-core[pytest-inmanta-extensions]" is functionally equivalent to "inmanta-core[pytest-inmanta-extensions]==6.0.0”.

Pip (or your own requirements build process) could have a step that "simplifies" user requirements before resolution even starts. This however would not improve things when such requirements are part of transitive dependencies, at that point applying such simplifications on requirements probably would be quite tricky.

[sanderr]

I was considering the same and I think it could already be an improvement if a more generic solution can not be found. But the use case that led me to create this ticket is as you describe (the constraint on the package without extra is a transitive dependency), so indeed it is not feasible there.

[sanderr]

I just realized this isn't actually affected by the unconventional coupling between the two packages I mentioned in the initial report. It occurs for any package with an extra if you want to install an older version:

in(tmp-37e9a3aa0746e4e) sander@bedevere:~/.virtualenvs/tmp-37e9a3aa0746e4e$ pip download resolvelib==0.3.0 resolvelib[examples]
Collecting resolvelib==0.3.0
  Downloading resolvelib-0.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (10 kB)
Collecting resolvelib[examples]
  Downloading resolvelib-1.0.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (17 kB)
  Downloading resolvelib-1.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (17 kB)
  Downloading resolvelib-0.9.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (16 kB)
  Downloading resolvelib-0.8.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (16 kB)
  Downloading resolvelib-0.8.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (15 kB)
  Using cached resolvelib-0.7.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (15 kB)
  Downloading resolvelib-0.7.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (15 kB)
  Using cached resolvelib-0.6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (15 kB)
  Downloading resolvelib-0.5.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (12 kB)
  Downloading resolvelib-0.5.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (12 kB)
  Downloading resolvelib-0.5.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (12 kB)
  Downloading resolvelib-0.5.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (11 kB)
  Downloading resolvelib-0.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (11 kB)
Collecting requests
  Using cached requests-2.28.2-py3-none-any.whl (62 kB)
Collecting html5lib
  Using cached html5lib-1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (112 kB)
Collecting packaging
  Using cached packaging-23.0-py3-none-any.whl (42 kB)
Collecting six>=1.9
  Using cached six-1.16.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (11 kB)
Collecting webencodings
  Using cached webencodings-0.5.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (11 kB)
Collecting urllib3<1.27,>=1.21.1
  Using cached urllib3-1.26.15-py2.py3-none-any.whl (140 kB)
Collecting idna<4,>=2.5
  Using cached idna-3.4-py3-none-any.whl (61 kB)
Collecting charset-normalizer<4,>=2
  Using cached charset_normalizer-3.1.0-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (199 kB)
Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17
  Using cached certifi-2022.12.7-py3-none-any.whl (155 kB)
Saved ./resolvelib-0.3.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Saved ./html5lib-1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Saved ./packaging-23.0-py3-none-any.whl
Saved ./requests-2.28.2-py3-none-any.whl
Saved ./certifi-2022.12.7-py3-none-any.whl
Saved ./charset_normalizer-3.1.0-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl
Saved ./idna-3.4-py3-none-any.whl
Saved ./six-1.16.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Saved ./urllib3-1.26.15-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Saved ./webencodings-0.5.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Successfully downloaded resolvelib html5lib packaging requests certifi charset-normalizer idna six urllib3 webencodings

This is of course a ridiculous example (it's just the first simple package I could think of that I know has extras) but I think it shows this is a more generic issue than discussed up till here. Any package with an extra that needs to maintain some sort of LTS on its older versions is susceptible to this.

Of course, this doesn't change the fact that the end result is still correct (unless a dev version is requested on one of the requirements, pip doesn't offer dev candidates for the other in that case) and that it would be difficult to handle correctly.

[nijel]

This can lead to huge backtracking without providing a clear error where the problem is. I was just hit by this in WeblateOrg/docker#1788 (log at https://github.com/WeblateOrg/docker/actions/runs/4666399591/jobs/8260949502?pr=1788 or in details below).

The problem in this case is that backtracking went into many packages and ended up saying the issue is in celery constraints, while it is actually in Django ones (which the pull request is trying to upgrade).

Reproducer: pip install 'Django==4.2' 'Weblate==4.16.4' 'celery==5.2.7'

Fails after a lot of backtracking with:

ERROR: Cannot install celery==5.2.7, celery[redis]==5.2.3, celery[redis]==5.2.4 and celery[redis]==5.2.6 because these package versions have conflicting dependencies.

The conflict is caused by:
    The user requested celery==5.2.7
    celery[redis] 5.2.6 depends on celery 5.2.6 (from https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a0/ed/8a2e381aa9fa6fa5ac6891b0b472e927892f57a39842eff18cc917ceba57/celery-5.2.6-py3-none-any.whl (from https://pypi.org/simple/celery/) (requires-python:>=3.7,))
    The user requested celery==5.2.7
    celery[redis] 5.2.4 depends on celery 5.2.4 (from https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9d/a2/77d4bf33786dba473218067527ec40002cdaeed3599e5377e0f32143bba2/celery-5.2.4-py3-none-any.whl (from https://pypi.org/simple/celery/) (requires-python:>=3.7,))
    The user requested celery==5.2.7
    celery[redis] 5.2.3 depends on celery 5.2.3 (from https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1e/c2/52a01d3f53ddf57c80b011714dd63295c69426121d35d0ff41976b83506c/celery-5.2.3-py3-none-any.whl (from https://pypi.org/simple/celery/) (requires-python:>=3.7,))

While I'd actually expect something like this:

ERROR: Cannot install Django[argon2]<4.2 and >=3.2 and Django==4.2 because these package versions have conflicting dependencies.

The conflict is caused by:
    Weblate 4.16.4 depends on Django[argon2]<4.2 and >=3.2
    The user requested Django==4.2

+ pip install --no-cache-dir -r /usr/src/weblate/requirements.txt 'Weblate[all,MySQL,zxcvbn]==4.16.4'
Collecting https://github.com/nijel/supervisor-stdout/archive/c909c1a1ddabaf679dc2eaecb3b8f5ad6bef467a.zip (from -r /usr/src/weblate/requirements.txt (line 27))
  Downloading https://github.com/nijel/supervisor-stdout/archive/c909c1a1ddabaf679dc2eaecb3b8f5ad6bef467a.zip
     - 2.6 kB ? 0:00:00
  Preparing metadata (setup.py): started
  Preparing metadata (setup.py): finished with status 'done'
Collecting Weblate[MySQL,all,zxcvbn]==4.16.4
  Downloading Weblate-4.16.4-py3-none-any.whl (28.6 MB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 28.6/28.6 MB 199.4 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting aeidon==1.12
  Downloading aeidon-1.12-py3-none-any.whl (148 kB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 148.7/148.7 kB 253.1 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting argon2-cffi==21.3.0
  Downloading argon2_cffi-21.3.0-py3-none-any.whl (14 kB)
Collecting borgbackup==1.2.4
  Downloading borgbackup-1.2.4.tar.gz (4.1 MB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 4.1/4.1 MB 227.8 MB/s eta 0:00:00
  Installing build dependencies: started
  Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'done'
  Getting requirements to build wheel: started
  Getting requirements to build wheel: finished with status 'done'
  Installing backend dependencies: started
  Installing backend dependencies: finished with status 'done'
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml): started
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml): finished with status 'done'
Collecting celery==5.2.7
  Downloading celery-5.2.7-py3-none-any.whl (405 kB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 405.6/405.6 kB 247.9 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Requirement already satisfied: cffi==1.15.1 in /usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages (from -r /usr/src/weblate/requirements.txt (line 6)) (1.15.1)
Collecting cryptography==40.0.1
  Downloading cryptography-40.0.1-cp36-abi3-manylinux_2_28_x86_64.whl (3.7 MB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 3.7/3.7 MB 248.3 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting Django==4.2
  Downloading Django-4.2-py3-none-any.whl (8.0 MB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 8.0/8.0 MB 242.4 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting django-appconf==1.0.5
  Downloading django_appconf-1.0.5-py3-none-any.whl (6.4 kB)
Collecting django-auth-ldap==4.1.0
  Downloading django_auth_ldap-4.1.0-py3-none-any.whl (20 kB)
Collecting django-cors-headers==3.14.0
  Downloading django_cors_headers-3.14.0-py3-none-any.whl (13 kB)
Collecting django-crispy-forms==2.0
  Downloading django_crispy_forms-2.0-py3-none-any.whl (31 kB)
Collecting django-redis==5.2.0
  Downloading django_redis-5.2.0-py3-none-any.whl (30 kB)
Collecting django_compressor==4.3.1
  Downloading django_compressor-4.3.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (148 kB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 149.0/149.0 kB 229.4 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting djangorestframework==3.14.0
  Downloading djangorestframework-3.14.0-py3-none-any.whl (1.1 MB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 1.1/1.1 MB 271.1 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting gevent==22.10.2
  Downloading gevent-22.10.2-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (6.8 MB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 6.8/6.8 MB 247.4 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting git-review==2.3.1
  Downloading git_review-2.3.1-py3-none-any.whl (49 kB)
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Collecting gunicorn==20.1.0
  Downloading gunicorn-20.1.0-py3-none-any.whl (79 kB)
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Collecting hiredis==2.2.2
  Downloading hiredis-2.2.2-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (166 kB)
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Collecting httpretty==1.1.4
  Downloading httpretty-1.1.4.tar.gz (442 kB)
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  Preparing metadata (setup.py): started
  Preparing metadata (setup.py): finished with status 'done'
Collecting iniparse==0.5
  Downloading iniparse-0.5-py3-none-any.whl (24 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: lxml==4.9.2 in /usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages (from -r /usr/src/weblate/requirements.txt (line 29)) (4.9.2)
Collecting mercurial==6.4
  Downloading mercurial-6.4.tar.gz (8.2 MB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 8.2/8.2 MB 236.2 MB/s eta 0:00:00
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Collecting nh3==0.2.9
  Downloading nh3-0.2.9-cp37-abi3-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (1.6 MB)
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Collecting openpyxl==3.1.2
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Collecting phply==1.2.6
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Requirement already satisfied: pip==23.0.1 in /usr/local/lib/python3.11/site-packages (from -r /usr/src/weblate/requirements.txt (line 34)) (23.0.1)
Collecting psycopg2==2.9.6
  Downloading psycopg2-2.9.6.tar.gz (383 kB)
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Collecting Pygments==2.15.0
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Collecting python-akismet==0.4.3
  Downloading python_akismet-0.4.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (7.1 kB)
Collecting python-dateutil==2.8.2
  Downloading python_dateutil-2.8.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (247 kB)
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Collecting python3-saml==1.15.0
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Collecting pyuca==1.2
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Collecting rapidfuzz==2.15.1
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Collecting siphashc==2.1
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INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of django-celery-beat to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
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INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of boto3 to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
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INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of click-plugins to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of click-didyoumean to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: This is taking longer than usual. You might need to provide the dependency resolver with stricter constraints to reduce runtime. See https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/backtracking for guidance. If you want to abort this run, press Ctrl + C.
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INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of click to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
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Collecting attrs>=17.2.0
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INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of chardet to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
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INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of certifi to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
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Collecting selenium
  Downloading selenium-4.8.2-py3-none-any.whl (6.9 MB)
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Collecting rollbar
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Collecting responses
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  Downloading responses-0.21.0-py3-none-any.whl (45 kB)
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INFO: This is taking longer than usual. You might need to provide the dependency resolver with stricter constraints to reduce runtime. See https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/backtracking for guidance. If you want to abort this run, press Ctrl + C.
INFO: This is taking longer than usual. You might need to provide the dependency resolver with stricter constraints to reduce runtime. See https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/backtracking for guidance. If you want to abort this run, press Ctrl + C.
INFO: This is taking longer than usual. You might need to provide the dependency resolver with stricter constraints to reduce runtime. See https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/backtracking for guidance. If you want to abort this run, press Ctrl + C.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of rollbar to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of raven to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
Collecting raven
  Downloading raven-6.9.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (287 kB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 287.7/287.7 kB 235.7 MB/s eta 0:00:00
  Downloading raven-6.8.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (285 kB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 285.4/285.4 kB 266.6 MB/s eta 0:00:00
  Downloading raven-6.7.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (284 kB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 284.5/284.5 kB 260.8 MB/s eta 0:00:00
INFO: This is taking longer than usual. You might need to provide the dependency resolver with stricter constraints to reduce runtime. See https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/backtracking for guidance. If you want to abort this run, press Ctrl + C.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of responses to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of supervisor-stdout to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of weblate-schemas to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of rjsmin to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of rcssmin to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of fedora-messaging to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of django-zxcvbn*** determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of diff-match-patch to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of crispy-bootstrap3 to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of zeep to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of wllegal to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of wheel to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
Collecting wheel==0.40.0
  Downloading wheel-0.40.0-py3-none-any.whl (64 kB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 64.5/64.5 kB 220.4 MB/s eta 0:00:00
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of celery[redis] to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of weblate-language-data to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of weblate-fedora-messaging to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of translation-finder to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of translate-toolkit to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of tesserocr to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of supervisor to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of social-auth-core to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of social-auth-app-django to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of siphashc to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of ruamel-yaml to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of redis to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of rapidfuzz to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of pyuca to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of python3-saml to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of python-dateutil to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of python-akismet to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of pygments to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of psycopg2 to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of pip to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
Collecting pip==23.0.1
  Downloading pip-23.0.1-py3-none-any.whl (2.1 MB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 2.1/2.1 MB 220.5 MB/s eta 0:00:00
INFO: This is taking longer than usual. You might need to provide the dependency resolver with stricter constraints to reduce runtime. See https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/backtracking for guidance. If you want to abort this run, press Ctrl + C.
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of raven to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: This is taking longer than usual. You might need to provide the dependency resolver with stricter constraints to reduce runtime. See https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/backtracking for guidance. If you want to abort this run, press Ctrl + C.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of phply to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of openpyxl to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of nh3 to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of mercurial to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of lxml to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 Collecting lxml==4.9.2
   Downloading lxml-4.9.2-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.manylinux_2_24_x86_64.whl (7.2 MB)
      ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 7.2/7.2 MB 182.6 MB/s eta 0:00:00
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of supervisor-stdout to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: This is taking longer than usual. You might need to provide the dependency resolver with stricter constraints to reduce runtime. See https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/backtracking for guidance. If you want to abort this run, press Ctrl + C.
 INFO: This is taking longer than usual. You might need to provide the dependency resolver with stricter constraints to reduce runtime. See https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/backtracking for guidance. If you want to abort this run, press Ctrl + C.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of weblate-schemas to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of rjsmin to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of rcssmin to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of fedora-messaging to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of django-zxcvbn*** determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of diff-match-patch to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of crispy-bootstrap3 to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of zeep to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of wllegal to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of wheel to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of iniparse to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of httpretty to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of hiredis to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of gunicorn to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of git-review to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of gevent to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of djangorestframework to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of django-compressor to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of django-redis to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of django-crispy-forms to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of django-cors-headers to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of django-auth-ldap to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of django-appconf to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of django to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of cryptography to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of cffi to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 Collecting cffi==1.15.1
   Downloading cffi-1.15.1-cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (462 kB)
      ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 462.6/462.6 kB 46.6 MB/s eta 0:00:00
 INFO: This is taking longer than usual. You might need to provide the dependency resolver with stricter constraints to reduce runtime. See https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/backtracking for guidance. If you want to abort this run, press Ctrl + C.
 INFO: This is taking longer than usual. You might need to provide the dependency resolver with stricter constraints to reduce runtime. See https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/backtracking for guidance. If you want to abort this run, press Ctrl + C.
 INFO: This is taking longer than usual. You might need to provide the dependency resolver with stricter constraints to reduce runtime. See https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/backtracking for guidance. If you want to abort this run, press Ctrl + C.
 INFO: This is taking longer than usual. You might need to provide the dependency resolver with stricter constraints to reduce runtime. See https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/backtracking for guidance. If you want to abort this run, press Ctrl + C.
 INFO: This is taking longer than usual. You might need to provide the dependency resolver with stricter constraints to reduce runtime. See https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/backtracking for guidance. If you want to abort this run, press Ctrl + C.
 INFO: This is taking longer than usual. You might need to provide the dependency resolver with stricter constraints to reduce runtime. See https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/backtracking for guidance. If you want to abort this run, press Ctrl + C.
 INFO: This is taking longer than usual. You might need to provide the dependency resolver with stricter constraints to reduce runtime. See https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/backtracking for guidance. If you want to abort this run, press Ctrl + C.
 INFO: This is taking longer than usual. You might need to provide the dependency resolver with stricter constraints to reduce runtime. See https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/backtracking for guidance. If you want to abort this run, press Ctrl + C.
 INFO: This is taking longer than usual. You might need to provide the dependency resolver with stricter constraints to reduce runtime. See https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/backtracking for guidance. If you want to abort this run, press Ctrl + C.
 INFO: This is taking longer than usual. You might need to provide the dependency resolver with stricter constraints to reduce runtime. See https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/backtracking for guidance. If you want to abort this run, press Ctrl + C.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of weblate-language-data to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of weblate-fedora-messaging to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of translation-finder to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of translate-toolkit to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of tesserocr to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of supervisor to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of social-auth-core to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of social-auth-app-django to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of siphashc to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of ruamel-yaml to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of redis to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of rapidfuzz to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of pyuca to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of python3-saml to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of python-dateutil to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of python-akismet to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of pygments to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of psycopg2 to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of pip to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of celery to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of borgbackup to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of argon2-cffi to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of <Python from Requires-Python> to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of aeidon to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of weblate[all,mysql,zxcvbn] to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
 ERROR: Cannot install celery==5.2.7, celery[redis]==5.2.3, celery[redis]==5.2.4 and celery[redis]==5.2.6 because these package versions have conflicting dependencies.
 
 The conflict is caused by:
     The user requested celery==5.2.7
     celery[redis] 5.2.6 depends on celery 5.2.6 (from https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a0/ed/8a2e381aa9fa6fa5ac6891b0b472e927892f57a39842eff18cc917ceba57/celery-5.2.6-py3-none-any.whl (from https://pypi.org/simple/celery/) (requires-python:>=3.7,))
     The user requested celery==5.2.7
     celery[redis] 5.2.4 depends on celery 5.2.4 (from https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9d/a2/77d4bf33786dba473218067527ec40002cdaeed3599e5377e0f32143bba2/celery-5.2.4-py3-none-any.whl (from https://pypi.org/simple/celery/) (requires-python:>=3.7,))
     The user requested celery==5.2.7
     celery[redis] 5.2.3 depends on celery 5.2.3 (from https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1e/c2/52a01d3f53ddf57c80b011714dd63295c69426121d35d0ff41976b83506c/celery-5.2.3-py3-none-any.whl (from https://pypi.org/simple/celery/) (requires-python:>=3.7,))
 
 To fix this you could try to:
 1. loosen the range of package versions you've specified
 2. remove package versions to allow pip attempt to solve the dependency conflict
 
 ERROR: ResolutionImpossible: for help visit https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/topics/dependency-resolution/#dealing-with-dependency-conflicts

[notatallshaw]

This can lead to huge backtracking without providing a clear error where the problem is. I was just hit by this in WeblateOrg/docker#1788 (log at https://github.com/WeblateOrg/docker/actions/runs/4666399591/jobs/8260949502?pr=1788 or in details below).

The problem in this case is that backtracking went into many packages and ended up saying the issue is in celery constraints, while it is actually in Django ones (which the pull request is trying to upgrade).

Reproducer: pip install 'Django==4.2' 'Weblate==4.16.4' 'celery==5.2.7'

Because this specific example hits a more general backtracking slowness rather than just OPs specific issue the amount of time backtracking should be significantly reduced in the next version of Pip.

And it in fact it is, I tested both the number of packages visited (I would normally check the difference between packages visited and packages installed as this is a better indicator of how much "wasted" time there is, but as it results in a resolution impossible I can't do that) and the wall clock time on a second attempt where Pip no longer needs to download any package because everything is cached:

Pip Version	Packages Visited	Wall Clock Time
Pip 23.0.1	136	179.78s
Pip main (74133f8)	121	25.78s

Better news still in this example Pip main gives a much better ResolutionImpossible error, although I doubt this is guaranteed in general, this probably stems from resolvelib taking better¹ steps when backtracking:

The conflict is caused by:
    The user requested Django==4.2
    crispy-bootstrap3 2022.1 depends on django>=3.2
    django-appconf 1.0.3 depends on django
    django-celery-beat 2.4.0 depends on Django<4.2 and >=2.2

To fix this you could try to:
1. loosen the range of package versions you've specified
2. remove package versions to allow pip attempt to solve the dependency conflict

---

1. For some complicated definition of the word "better", see Fix reject of valid state in criteria compatibility check sarugaku/resolvelib#111 and Implement backjumping over unrelated states sarugaku/resolvelib#113 for the gory details

[zackmccord]

I have also encountered this behavior "in the wild," although it did not cause a major slowdown for us.

$ cat test.pip
pytest-cov==3.0.0
coverage==6.3.2

$ python --version
Python 3.8.13

$ python -m pip --version
pip 23.1.2 from XXX/virtualenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/pip (python 3.8)

$ pip install -Ur test.pip
Requirement already satisfied: pytest-cov==3.0.0 in XXX/virtualenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from -r test.pip (line 1)) (3.0.0)
Requirement already satisfied: coverage==6.3.2 in XXX/virtualenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from -r test.pip (line 2)) (6.3.2)
Requirement already satisfied: pytest>=4.6 in XXX/virtualenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from pytest-cov==3.0.0->-r test.pip (line 1)) (7.1.2)
Collecting coverage[toml]>=5.2.1 (from pytest-cov==3.0.0->-r test.pip (line 1))
  Using cached coverage-7.2.5-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl (200 kB)
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of coverage[toml] to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
  Using cached coverage-7.2.4-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl (200 kB)
  Using cached coverage-7.2.3-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl (199 kB)
  Using cached coverage-7.2.2-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl (199 kB)
  Using cached coverage-7.2.1-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl (199 kB)
  Using cached coverage-7.2.0-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl (199 kB)
  Using cached coverage-7.1.0-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl (198 kB)
  Using cached coverage-7.0.5-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl (197 kB)
INFO: pip is looking at multiple versions of coverage[toml] to determine which version is compatible with other requirements. This could take a while.
  Using cached coverage-7.0.4-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl (197 kB)
  Using cached coverage-7.0.3-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl (196 kB)
  Using cached coverage-7.0.2-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl (196 kB)
  Using cached coverage-7.0.1-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl (187 kB)
  Using cached coverage-7.0.0-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl (187 kB)
INFO: This is taking longer than usual. You might need to provide the dependency resolver with stricter constraints to reduce runtime. See https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/backtracking for guidance. If you want to abort this run, press Ctrl + C.
  Using cached coverage-6.5.0-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl (185 kB)
  Using cached coverage-6.4.4-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl (184 kB)
  Using cached coverage-6.4.3-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl (184 kB)
  Using cached coverage-6.4.2-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl (184 kB)
  Using cached coverage-6.4.1-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl (184 kB)
  Using cached coverage-6.4-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl (183 kB)
  Using cached coverage-6.3.3-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl (183 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: tomli in XXX/virtualenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from coverage==6.3.2->-r test.pip (line 2)) (2.0.1)
Requirement already satisfied: attrs>=19.2.0 in XXX/virtualenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from pytest>=4.6->pytest-cov==3.0.0->-r test.pip (line 1)) (21.4.0)
Requirement already satisfied: iniconfig in XXX/virtualenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from pytest>=4.6->pytest-cov==3.0.0->-r test.pip (line 1)) (2.0.0)
Requirement already satisfied: packaging in XXX/virtualenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from pytest>=4.6->pytest-cov==3.0.0->-r test.pip (line 1)) (21.3)
Requirement already satisfied: pluggy<2.0,>=0.12 in XXX/virtualenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from pytest>=4.6->pytest-cov==3.0.0->-r test.pip (line 1)) (1.0.0)
Requirement already satisfied: py>=1.8.2 in XXX/virtualenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from pytest>=4.6->pytest-cov==3.0.0->-r test.pip (line 1)) (1.11.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pyparsing!=3.0.5,>=2.0.2 in XXX/virtualenv/lib/python3.8/site-packages (from packaging->pytest>=4.6->pytest-cov==3.0.0->-r test.pip (line 1)) (3.0.9)

[sanderr]

FYI, I am currently working on this and I'm hopeful that I'll be able to open a pull request soon. My current implementation solves all current examples reported in this thread and all tests still succeed but it is naive in the sense that it hinders error reporting (e.g. in the case of pip install 'Django==4.2' 'Weblate==4.16.4' 'celery==5.2.7' reported above). I do have some concrete ideas to improve on it.