Improve robustness of robot discovery and connection

[Orhideous]

There are cases where missed packets and timeouts cause robot discovery to fail.
We need to improve logging and write some integration tests for the most common problems.

See: home-assistant/core#111634
See: home-assistant/core#111599

[kaueraal]

Another data point for this: I am affected with a Roomba 960. I cannot pair it in Home Assistant, where I get errors like

ERROR (roombapy) [roombapy.remote_client] Can't connect to 10.17.40.21
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/roombapy/remote_client.py", line 93, in connect
    self._open_mqtt_connection()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/roombapy/remote_client.py", line 121, in _open_mqtt_connection
    self.mqtt_client.reconnect()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/paho/mqtt/client.py", line 1044, in reconnect
    sock = self._create_socket_connection()
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/paho/mqtt/client.py", line 3685, in _create_socket_connection
    return socket.create_connection(addr, timeout=self._connect_timeout, source_address=source)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/socket.py", line 852, in create_connection
     raise exceptions[0]
   File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/socket.py", line 837, in create_connection
     sock.connect(sa)
 ConnectionRefusedError: [Errno 111] Connection refused
ERROR (roombapy) [roombapy.remote_client] Unable to connect to 10.17.40.21
WARNING (roombapy) [roombapy.roomba] Unexpectedly disconnected from Roomba 10.17.40.21, code The connection was lost
WARNING (roombapy) [roombapy.roomba] Periodic connection lost due to Unable to connect to Roomba at 10.17.40.21

which are similar/the same as in the linked issues.

When connecting directly via roombapy discover 10.17.40.21 or roombapy connect 10.17.40.21 -p XXXX I get in ~50% of the cases a TimeoutError: _ssl.c:975: The handshake operation timed out.

Increasing the timeout in getpassword.py via changing server_socket.settimeout(3) to server_socket.settimeout(30) allows me to connect each time in roombapy without problems. I can ping the Roomba usually with <10ms, but seldom I see spikes to 2000–3000ms. Maybe the Roomba's Wifi goes to sleep?

I used roombapy 1.8.1 installed via pip for the latter testing. As I'm running Home Assistant via Docker I cannot really test other values there.

[kaueraal]

My comment above seems to be handled in #310 and #311 for getpassword.py. Similar work might be required for the remote client used e.g. in Home Assistant.