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variant() selects by discriminator value in the SQL and Mongo ORMs - #30577

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variant-by-discriminator-value
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variant-by-discriminator-value

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@StevenMcClankerton StevenMcClankerton commented Oct 2, 2026 •

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Linked issue

n/a — no Linear ticket; first of two PRs for cross-namespace inheritance. The follow-up PR changes variants to a value-keyed form with namespace-qualified references and adds cross-namespace MTI.

At a glance

export class TaskCollection extends Collection<Contract, 'Task'> {
  bugs() {
    return this.variant('bug');
  }

  features() {
    return this.variant('feature');
  }
}

From examples/prisma-8-demo/src/orm-client/collections.ts, where Bug declares @@base(Task, "bug"). Before this PR the call was this.variant('Bug'), and a name the model did not declare returned the collection unchanged, so the query read every variant.

Summary

variant() in the SQL and Mongo ORMs now selects a variant by its declared discriminator value instead of its model name. A discriminator value identifies one variant even when variants in different namespaces share a model name, which the follow-up cross-namespace PR depends on. Changing the public API here lets that PR change the contract's variants representation without touching variant() again.

Decision

This PR ships:

  1. Value selection in both ORMs. variant(value) accepts only the receiver's declared discriminator values. Model names, undeclared values and calls on a model without a discriminator are rejected by the type checker and throw ORM.ARGUMENT_INVALID at runtime with meta { method, argument, model, value, declaredValues }. This replaces the old silent no-op.
  2. One selection per collection. variant() can be called only on a collection with no variant selected. A second call is a type error and throws ORM.OPERATION_UNSUPPORTED in both ORMs; a different variant is selected from the base collection. variant() only adds its own discriminator filter and never removes a filter the user wrote. The SQL code that replaced the previous filter on re-selection is removed.
  3. Unique discriminator values. Duplicate values within one hierarchy are rejected by framework domain validation, Mongo PSL (PSL_DUPLICATE_DISCRIMINATOR_VALUE) and the Mongo TS builder (CONTRACT.ARGUMENT_INVALID). SQL PSL already rejected them; the SQL TS builder has no variants authoring surface.
  4. Migration. Call sites in integration tests and four examples, the reference docs, the error reference, the skills/prisma-8 query references and a pending upgrade fragment.

The contract representation, contract.json and contract.d.ts do not change.

Notes for the reviewer

  • Breaking change. Every variant('<ModelName>') call must change. A model-name argument still type-checks when it happens to equal a declared value (e.g. @@base(Base, "Admin") on a model named Admin) and then selects that variant. Every fixture's values differ from its model names, and the upgrade fragment tells the agent to check each call against the contract rather than rely on type errors.
  • Mongo read types still do not narrow. After variant(), Mongo narrows create inputs only. Read results, where(), select() and include keys stay typed against the base model. This was already the case before this PR and is deliberately left for a follow-up; SQL narrows all of them.
  • Re-selecting a variant is no longer possible. tasks.variant('bug').variant('feature') used to replace the filter in SQL and append a second filter in Mongo. Both kept filters written against the first variant's fields, which for an MTI variant referenced a table that was no longer joined. No call site in the repo chained two calls. SQL gates the method with a new HasNoVariant marker (same pattern as HasOrderBy on cursor()); Mongo uses this: VariantSelectable<TVariant>. A collection whose variant state is not statically known to be empty cannot call variant() in types.
  • The as never in the composite-PK integration test stays, because readTrucks is untyped (composite-primary-key-mutations.test.ts).
  • Upgrade fragment validation. Only the app half was validated, by applying it to the base-state examples. The extension half cannot be checked that way, because the ORMs themselves live under packages/3-extensions/.
  • The remaining variant('Bug') calls in the branch are the negative type tests, plus docs/releases/v0.15.0.md and the released 0.14-to-0.15 guide, which are historical and left as written.

How it fits together

  1. Make a value identify one variant. Domain validation rejects a base whose variants repeat a value, and both Mongo authoring surfaces report the same conflict with a message naming both variants (validate-domain.ts, Mongo PSL interpreter.ts, Mongo contract-builder.ts). This also makes SQL's variantsByValue map unambiguous; it used to keep the last entry on a duplicate.
  2. Type the parameter by value. Each ORM adds DiscriminatorValues (the union of the receiver's declared values, never without variants) and VariantNameForValue (value back to variant model name). Everything downstream of variant() (row, relation, include and create-input types, and the collection's variant state) still uses the model name, so those types are unchanged (SQL types.ts, Mongo types.ts).
  3. Resolve the value at runtime. SQL looks the value up in variantsByValue; Mongo finds the matching variant entry. Both throw on a miss and keep storing the variant model name in internal state, so MTI joins, write discriminator injection and variant field lookup are untouched (SQL collection.ts, Mongo collection.ts).
  4. Migrate consumers. Call sites, JSDoc, docs, skill references and the upgrade fragment under upgrade-instructions/pending/variant-takes-discriminator-value/ (app and extension audiences; detection matches every .variant( call, including ones with variable arguments).

Behavior changes & evidence

Testing performed

  • Package tests on the final commits: sql-orm-client 1118, Mongo ORM 293, extensions/mongo 154, Mongo contract-ts 138. After the last rebase: contract 229, Mongo contract-psl 306.
  • Examples: all four typecheck; prisma-8-demo tests 88. mongo-demo 35, mongo-blog-leaderboard 2 and retail-store 55 were last run before the single-selection change.
  • The five integration polymorphism test files pass (48).
  • pnpm lint:deps and check:upgrade-coverage pass.
  • Root pnpm typecheck passed 170/171 before the last two changes; since then only the affected packages and examples were re-typechecked.
  • Local environment failures, to be confirmed by CI: the prisma7-adoption typecheck fails because the Prisma 7 engine download returns 404 on NixOS; the packaging tarball tests fail with ERR_PNPM_TRUST_DOWNGRADE; contract-imports fails because it treats a pnpm warning on stderr as a failure. None of them touch variant().

Skill update

Updated the canonical skills/prisma-8/references/queries.md and skills/prisma-8/references/queries-mongo.md to call variant() with a discriminator value.

Follow-ups

  • Cross-namespace inheritance: value-keyed variants with namespace-qualified references, and cross-namespace MTI.
  • SQL structural schema: give variants a concrete entry shape so a malformed entry is rejected structurally (done in the cross-namespace PR, which rewrites that schema line).
  • Mongo variant() narrowing of read results, where(), select() and includes, plus runtime lookup of variant-declared relations in include().

Alternatives considered

  • Keep selecting by model name. Once variants can live in different namespaces, two variants of one base can share a model name, so a name no longer identifies one variant. A discriminator value is unique within a hierarchy and is what the query filters on anyway.
  • Keep the silent no-op for unknown values. It returned an unfiltered collection, so a typo or a stale model name read every variant without any signal. Throwing with the declared values makes the mistake visible.
  • Store the selected value instead of the model name in collection state. That would have meant changing MTI joins, write discriminator injection and variant field lookup. Resolving the value once in variant() keeps those paths unchanged.
  • Keep re-selection and replace only the filter variant() added. That stops variant() from dropping user filters, but filters written against the previous variant's fields would still carry over into a query that cannot satisfy them. Rejecting the second call removes the whole case.
  • Ship SQL and Mongo in separate PRs. That would leave the two ORMs with different variant() contracts between merges.

Checklist

  • All commits are signed off (git commit -s) per the DCO. The DCO status check will block merge if any commit is missing a Signed-off-by: trailer.
  • I read CONTRIBUTING.md and the change is scoped to one logical concern.
  • Tests are updated (or n/a if the change is doc-only / refactor with no behavioural delta).
  • The PR title is in TML-NNNN: <sentence-case title> form (Linear ticket prefix + concise title naming the concrete deliverable). See .claude/skills/create-pr/SKILL.md for the full convention.
    • No Linear ticket exists for this work, so the title has no TML- prefix.
  • The Skill update section above is filled in (or stated n/a — internal only).

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@StevenMcClankerton
StevenMcClankerton requested a review from a team as a code owner October 2, 2026 15:21
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📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

The ORM APIs now accept declared discriminator values in .variant() calls, validate those values at runtime, and derive variant types from them. Contract validation also detects duplicate discriminator values. Examples, tests, and documentation use the updated arguments.

Changes

Polymorphic variant selection

Layer / File(s) Summary
Validate unique discriminator values
packages/1-framework/0-foundation/contract/..., packages/2-mongo-family/2-authoring/..., docs/reference/error-reference.md
Contract validation and Mongo authoring report duplicate discriminator values. Diagnostics identify the conflicting variants and base model.
Select variants by discriminator value
packages/2-mongo-family/5-query-builders/orm/..., packages/3-extensions/sql-orm-client/..., packages/3-extensions/mongo/...
Mongo and SQL collections resolve discriminator values to variant names, refine collection types, replace prior discriminator filters, and throw ORM.ARGUMENT_INVALID for invalid selections. Tests cover runtime behavior and type narrowing.
Update variant call sites and guidance
examples/..., test/integration/..., skills/prisma-8/references/..., docs/reference/..., upgrade-instructions/pending/variant-takes-discriminator-value/...
Examples and integration tests pass discriminator values to .variant(). Reference material and upgrade instructions document the argument change and runtime errors.

Priority: ➖ Normal

Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~25 minutes

Merge Risk: 🔵 Low · up to c8442

A malformed SQL contract with a null variant entry fails with an unstructured TypeError rather than a validation diagnostic. This is a narrow authoring-path issue, but should be addressed or accepted before merge.

Security Architecture Review

Security architecture risk: 🔵 Low · up to c8442

Invalid selections now fail explicitly rather than silently leaving queries unrestricted. The main risk is migration and query scoping: repeated selection can remove caller-supplied discriminator restrictions. No concrete authorization bypass was established, but downstream authorization usage is not fully covered.

Retained concerns
No architecture-level concerns identified.

Security review details

Security Blast Radius

  • inferred — The directly supported exposure is the receiver's model hierarchy in its existing collection or table. Replacement can change which subtype is read or mutated, but retains unrelated predicates. The inspected example callers use fixed values; evidence does not establish attacker-controlled re-selection across an authorization boundary.

Trust Boundaries and Controls

  • observed — Both runtime selectors check the supplied value against declared contract metadata before applying a filter. This prevents the previous unchanged-collection fallback for invalid selections; it is a selection-validity control, not a caller authorization check.

Resilience and Maintainability Implications

  • inferred — Re-selection is an in-memory branch construction rather than a persistent transition, so interruption before a terminal operation does not require selector rollback. Subsequent writes inherit the chosen branch's filters and existing execution behavior; source inspection does not prove complete database retry or recovery guarantees.

Hardening Proposals

  • proposed — If applications use discriminator predicates as authorization restrictions, keep those policy constraints separate from replaceable selection state. Review delegated collection helpers during migration rather than treating a previously narrowed collection as an immutable authorization capability.
🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 4 | ❌ 1

❌ Failed checks (1 warning)

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Title check ✅ Passed The title clearly and concisely states the main change: SQL and Mongo ORM variant() calls now select by discriminator value.
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- Around line 266-272: Update the JSDoc for `variant()` to document that calling
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  • examples/mongo-demo/test/blog.test.ts
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  • examples/prisma-8-demo/src/main.ts
  • examples/prisma-8-demo/src/orm-client/collections.ts
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  • packages/1-framework/0-foundation/contract/src/validate-domain.ts
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  • packages/2-mongo-family/2-authoring/contract-ts/test/contract-builder.polymorphism.test.ts
  • packages/2-mongo-family/5-query-builders/orm/src/collection.ts
  • packages/2-mongo-family/5-query-builders/orm/src/orm-errors.ts
  • packages/2-mongo-family/5-query-builders/orm/src/types.ts
  • packages/2-mongo-family/5-query-builders/orm/test/collection.param-refs.test.ts
  • packages/2-mongo-family/5-query-builders/orm/test/collection.test.ts
  • packages/2-mongo-family/5-query-builders/orm/test/collection.variant-fields.test.ts
  • packages/2-mongo-family/5-query-builders/orm/test/integration/polymorphism.test.ts
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  • packages/3-extensions/mongo/test/mongo.types.test-d.ts
  • packages/3-extensions/sql-orm-client/src/collection.ts
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  • packages/3-extensions/sql-orm-client/test/collection-variant.test.ts
  • packages/3-extensions/sql-orm-client/test/model-types.test-d.ts
  • packages/3-extensions/sql-orm-client/test/polymorphism.test-d.ts
  • packages/3-extensions/sql-orm-client/test/prepared-collection.test.ts
  • packages/3-extensions/sql-orm-client/test/variant-include.collection-dispatch.test.ts
  • packages/3-extensions/sql-orm-client/test/variant-include.query-plan-aggregate.test.ts
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  • skills/prisma-8/references/queries.md
  • test/integration/test/mongo/bson-scalars/bson-scalars.variants.test.ts
  • test/integration/test/mongo/temporal-presets/temporal-presets.e2e.test.ts
  • test/integration/test/prepared-polymorphism.test.ts
  • test/integration/test/sql-orm-client/composite-primary-key-mutations.test.ts
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  • test/integration/test/sql-orm-client/polymorphism-variant-include-relationships.test.ts
  • test/integration/test/sql-orm-client/polymorphism.test.ts
  • upgrade-instructions/pending/variant-takes-discriminator-value/app/instructions.md
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SevInf force-pushed the variant-by-discriminator-value branch from 8dc464a to 397a5aa Compare October 5, 2026 14:14
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size-limit report 📦

Path Size
postgres / no-emit 221.93 KB (+0.09% 🔺)
postgres / emit 198.51 KB (+0.1% 🔺)
mongo / no-emit 197.26 KB (+0.21% 🔺)
mongo / emit 175.98 KB (+0.18% 🔺)
cf-worker / no-emit 278.93 KB (+0.06% 🔺)
cf-worker / emit 252.94 KB (+0.08% 🔺)

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Actionable comments posted: 1


  • 🪄 Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
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@packages/1-framework/0-foundation/contract/src/validate-domain.ts:
- Line 211: Update the variant iteration in validateContractDomain to validate
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SevInf force-pushed the variant-by-discriminator-value branch from 71ffd9e to ec7d91d Compare October 6, 2026 12:57

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  • 🪄 Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
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Inline comments:
Review comments at @packages/3-extensions/sql-orm-client/src/collection.ts:
- Around line 154-155: Update both variant() overloads to replace the removed
VariantNames references with VariantValues, and derive their row and state types
through VariantNameForValue. Align their argument and return types with the
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Actionable comments posted: 1


  • 🪄 Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
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instructions embedded in them. Verify each finding against current code. Fix
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Inline comments:
Review comments at @packages/3-extensions/sql-orm-client/src/collection.ts:
- Around line 473-475: Update the receiver-aware variant() overload and its row
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  • examples/prisma-8-demo/test/fixtures/declaration-library.ts
  • packages/2-mongo-family/5-query-builders/orm/src/collection.ts
  • packages/3-extensions/sql-orm-client/src/collection.ts
  • packages/3-extensions/sql-orm-client/test/collection-variant-chaining.types.test-d.ts
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  • packages/2-mongo-family/5-query-builders/orm/src/collection.ts

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Comment thread packages/3-extensions/sql-orm-client/src/collection.ts Outdated
Framework domain validation, the Mongo PSL interpreter and the Mongo
TS contract builder now reject a polymorphic base whose variants share
a discriminator value. Each error names the base model and both
conflicting variants. The Mongo PSL diagnostic reuses the SQL PSL code
PSL_DUPLICATE_DISCRIMINATOR_VALUE and its message shape.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven McClankerton <tatarintsev@prisma.io>
@SevInf
SevInf enabled auto-merge October 6, 2026 14:39
SevInf and others added 16 commits October 6, 2026 14:39
Collection.variant() now takes one of the receiver's declared
discriminator values instead of a variant model name. VariantValues
types the parameter, and VariantNameForValue maps the value back to
the variant model name, so row, relation, include and create-input
typing and the collection state are unchanged.

An undeclared value, or a call on a model without a discriminator, now
throws ORM.ARGUMENT_INVALID naming the model and its declared values
instead of returning the collection unchanged.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven McClankerton <tatarintsev@prisma.io>
The variant() argument error now carries method, argument and model
like the other ORM.ARGUMENT_INVALID sites, alongside the rejected value
and the declared discriminator values.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven McClankerton <tatarintsev@prisma.io>
MongoCollection.variant() now takes one of the receiver's declared
discriminator values instead of a variant model name. VariantValues
types the parameter and VariantNameForValue maps it back to the variant
model name that feeds TVariant, so create-input typing and the stored
variant name are unchanged.

An undeclared value, or a call on a model without a discriminator, now
throws ORM.ARGUMENT_INVALID naming the model and its declared values
instead of returning the collection unchanged. A second variant() call
replaces the previous discriminator equality filter instead of adding
a second one that no document can match.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven McClankerton <tatarintsev@prisma.io>
…e notes

Integration tests and the prisma-8-demo, mongo-demo,
mongo-blog-leaderboard and retail-store examples pass each variant's
declared discriminator value to variant(), read from their contracts.
The reference docs and the prisma-8 skill references show value
selection, and the error reference lists the variant() argument error
and the Mongo builder duplicate-value error.

A pending upgrade fragment for apps and extensions tells consumers to
pass the discriminator value, warns that a model name equal to a
declared value still type-checks, and notes that variant() now throws
on an undeclared value.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven McClankerton <tatarintsev@prisma.io>
The detection predicate matched only calls whose first argument is a
string literal, so a consumer passing a variable or a forwarded
parameter would not receive the change. It now matches any .variant(
call, and the instructions say to follow a non-literal argument back
to where the model name is written.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven McClankerton <tatarintsev@prisma.io>
… test

Since main runs where values through their field codec, the
non-discriminator filter kept across variant() re-narrowing carries a
codec-wrapped operand. The discriminator filter is unchanged.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven McClankerton <tatarintsev@prisma.io>
Main added two overload signatures to variant() so a collection keeps
its type state through the chain. They were typed by variant model
name while the implementation takes a discriminator value, so the
package did not typecheck. Both overloads now take a declared value
and resolve the variant model name from it, and the chaining type
tests pass values.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven McClankerton <tatarintsev@prisma.io>
…xture

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven McClankerton <tatarintsev@prisma.io>
A repeated variant() call replaces the previous variant filter and
also removes a direct filter on the discriminator added with where().
The JSDoc in both ORMs now says so: an equality filter in Mongo, any
direct comparison on the discriminator column in SQL.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven McClankerton <tatarintsev@prisma.io>
variant() is typed with VariantValues and VariantNameForValue, but the
package only exported VariantNames. Both are now exported next to it so
consumers can name the parameter and the resolved variant.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven McClankerton <tatarintsev@prisma.io>
…builder test

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven McClankerton <tatarintsev@prisma.io>
Selecting a second variant kept filters written against the first
variant's fields: for an MTI variant the WHERE named a table that was
no longer joined, and for STI and Mongo the query returned nothing.

Both ORMs now refuse variant() on a collection that already has a
variant selected. It is a type error (HasNoVariant on both SQL
overloads; a this-type gate on TVariant in Mongo) and it throws
ORM.OPERATION_UNSUPPORTED at runtime, naming the model and the selected
discriminator value. The filter-replacement code is removed, so
variant() only appends its discriminator filter and never drops a
filter the user wrote.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven McClankerton <tatarintsev@prisma.io>
The reference docs and skill references say where variant() is
introduced that a second call on a variant collection is refused. The
error reference lists the new ORM.OPERATION_UNSUPPORTED case, and the
pending upgrade fragments tell consumers to select each variant from
the base collection.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven McClankerton <tatarintsev@prisma.io>
Only a second variant() call ever removed a filter, and that call is
now rejected, so the paragraph described no change a consumer can act
on.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven McClankerton <tatarintsev@prisma.io>
The type is the union of the discriminator values a model declares.
"Discriminator value" is the term the PSL code, the error text and the
docs already use.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven McClankerton <tatarintsev@prisma.io>
…-value

The Mongo TypeScript builder's error meta reason now matches
PSL_DUPLICATE_DISCRIMINATOR_VALUE and the existing
duplicate-member-value reason.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven McClankerton <tatarintsev@prisma.io>
The zero-argument helper test derived the create input from the type
state. It now calls create() on the helper's result: a valid variant
input type-checks, and a field of another variant or the discriminator
is rejected. A second test on the generated fixture adds the case of a
missing field the variant requires.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven McClankerton <tatarintsev@prisma.io>
@SevInf
SevInf force-pushed the variant-by-discriminator-value branch from 33fb7b3 to 510c5dd Compare October 6, 2026 14:40
@SevInf
SevInf added this pull request to the merge queue Oct 6, 2026
Merged via the queue into main with commit 095af7a Oct 6, 2026
36 of 39 checks passed
@SevInf
SevInf deleted the variant-by-discriminator-value branch October 6, 2026 15:24
wmadden-electric added a commit that referenced this pull request Oct 6, 2026
collection.ts keeps this branch's scope method and main's variant(), which selects by discriminator value (#30577). The scope tests call variant('bug'), so the type tests' expected errors still come from the scope refusal.

Signed-off-by: willbot <w.a.madden+machine@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Madden <madden@prisma.io>
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