types: fix the behavior when inserting a big scientific notation number to keep it same with mysql (#47803)

[qw4990]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #47803

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #47787, close #23549

Problem Summary:

What is changed and how it works?

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• No need to test

  • I checked and no code files have been changed.

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• Affects user behaviors
• Contains syntax changes
• Contains variable changes
• Contains experimental features
• Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

fix the behavior when inserting a big scientific notation number to keep it same with mysql

[tiprow]

Hi @qw4990. Thanks for your PR.

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[YangKeao]

LGTM

[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: lcwangchao, YangKeao

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[ti-chi-bot]

[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2024-07-15 09:03:33.934527279 +0000 UTC m=+258235.925468751: ☑️ agreed by lcwangchao.
• 2024-07-15 09:07:36.261186676 +0000 UTC m=+258478.252128147: ☑️ agreed by YangKeao.

[qw4990]

/test unit-test

[tiprow]

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In response to this:

/test unit-test

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Please upload report for BASE (release-7.5@2907089). Learn more about missing BASE report.

Additional details and impacted files

@@               Coverage Diff                @@
##             release-7.5     #54631   +/-   ##
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  Coverage               ?   71.9986%           
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  Files                  ?       1412           
  Lines                  ?     411034           
  Branches               ?          0           
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  Hits                   ?     295939           
  Misses                 ?      95208           
  Partials               ?      19887           

Flag	Coverage Δ
unit	71.9986% <100.0000%> (?)

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Components	Coverage Δ
dumpling	53.9913% <0.0000%> (?)
parser	∅ <0.0000%> (?)
br	53.4705% <0.0000%> (?)